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Wherever gambling activity is permitted it becomes a major competitor for the household budget.*(3) The growth in gambling in the US has become an important social and political issue and the subject of a National Commission, the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NGISC 1999).*(4) The Commission indicates that more than 86 per cent of all Americans have gambled at least once and that over $50 bn. was spent (amount wagered minus prizes received) on gambling activities in the US in 1998. Lotteries accounted for 52 per cent of this in 1998, casinos 29 per cent and horse racing 7 per cent (NGICS Overview (1999): 72-75). In 1996 the gross revenues of all the organisations providing gambling or gaming opportunities in the US were estimated at $46.07 bn. or just under about 0.09 per cent of all private consumption expenditures for that year.