Suchergebnisse

Drawing on the century-long preoccupation with premodern or "primitive" economic forms that has shaped the social sciences, this essay argues that the political economy of social networking platforms is structured like a potlatch. Understanding this structure and its dynamics is indispensable for grasping the social, economic and cultural preconditions and implications of communicative capitalism.

Different names every Saturday night -- The forlorn hope -- No law but the gun -- Took war as the fates decreed -- We believed in God, but was too busy to say so -- Cow catcher of the political department -- A Zulu word meaning virgin -- A fresh roasting every morning -- God save the queen -- The muldoon is as about as popular as a stone bruise -- Everything but the g strings -- Against personified -- Between the savior and the sky pilots -- When we ascend the golden clothes pole -- Conclusion -- Epilogue

Abstract. Downslope Sundowner winds in southern California's
Santa Ynez Mountains favor wildfire growth. To explore differences between
Sundowners and Santa Ana winds (SAWs), we use surface observations from 1979 to 2014
to develop a climatology of extreme Sundowner days. The
climatology was compared to an existing SAW index from 1979 to 2012.
Sundowner (SAW) occurrence peaks in late spring (winter). SAWs demonstrate
amplified 500 hPa geopotential heights over western North America and
anomalous positive inland mean sea-level pressures. Sundowner-only
conditions display zonal 500 hPa flow and negative inland sea-level pressure
anomalies. A low-level northerly coastal jet is present during Sundowners
but not SAWs.

Abstract
Adult salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) have an intrinsic property to self-renew in order to maintain tissue architecture and homeostasis. Adult salivary glands have been documented to harbor SSPC, which have been shown to play a vital role in the regeneration of the glandular structures postradiation damage. We have previously demonstrated that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) after radiation reduced aldehyde accumulation in SSPC, leading to less apoptosis and improved salivary function. We subsequently found that sustained pharmacological ALDH3A1 activation is critical to enhance regeneration of murine submandibular gland after radiation damage. Further investigation shows that ALDH3A1 function is crucial for SSPC self-renewal and survival even in the absence of radiation stress. Salivary glands from Aldh3a1–/– mice have fewer acinar structures than wildtype mice. ALDH3A1 deletion or pharmacological inhibition in SSPC leads to a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, lower expression of mitochondrial specific genes and proteins, structural abnormalities, lower membrane potential, and reduced cellular respiration. Loss or inhibition of ALDH3A1 also elevates ROS levels, depletes glutathione pool, and accumulates ALDH3A1 substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, a lipid peroxidation product), leading to decreased survival of murine SSPC that can be rescued by treatment with 4-HNE specific carbonyl scavengers. Our data indicate that ALDH3A1 activity protects mitochondrial function and is important for the regeneration activity of SSPC. This knowledge will help to guide our translational strategy of applying ALDH3A1 activators in the clinic to prevent radiation-related hyposalivation in head and neck cancer patients.