Suchergebnisse

The research was focused on the political identity dynamics of the Japanese people through their attitude towards specific political issues, concepts, and doctrines, through ideas about the role of their country in the world, their attitude to "constituent Others" and their military history, as well as the analysis of differences between identities at the macro and micro levels during the emergence of the official course towards transforming Japan into a "normal country". The solution to this problem is relevant in regards to Russia building a constructive policy in relation to Japan. The article analyzes a series of special and longitudinal studies characterizing generational change over the past 20 years in order to determine how much Japanese political preferences have changed in reference points that reflect their political identity, and which of these points allow us to identify significant determinants. As a key determinant of these surveys, the authors selected the degree of stability of pacifist self-consciousness, while analyzing the cumulative effect of several major factors in the formation of pacifism as the core of Japanese political identity:

a) the archetypal principle of harmony (wa), expressed in the tendency of the Japanese people to smoothen out potential conflicts and in the outstanding ability to adapt and to adopt, b) the long-term implications of the constructivist paradigm in political rhetoric concerning the problem of national security; c) the impact of pacifist cultural and political discourse; d) the victimization complex that has developed in the wake of the defeat; and e) the absence of a clear perception of military threat in the society. Together, they make us believe that pacifist self-identification has a large margin of stability, and speak to the bifurcation of the current political identity of the Japanese people, which is experiencing a multi-vector pressure of the 'power' strategy of political realism and value-oriented approaches of constructivism. The authors identify the main directions of stratification of the political identity of Japanese society, point to some emerging trends in the realm of ideas on security policy, draw conclusions about the real place and influence of reflection on the Russian-Japanese territorial issue in the structure of Japanese political identity.

The difference between non-Western and Western matrices of political identity has been attracting the attention of researchers since the end of the 19th century. This issue is located at the intersection of sociology and political science. The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of political identity in Japan based on public data from the past 20 years, which is analyzed while taking into account the characteristics of the national political system and the political culture of this country. The authors focus on the idea of Japan's self-image, the most important tasks and preferred forms of governance, attitudes towards government institutions, as well as certain qualities of citizens in terms of their self-assessment as subjects. The article combines sociological methods for analyzing opinion polls with a historical and cultural approach, as well as the method of "deconstruction", which involves defining the basic concepts, narratives, myths and other forms of discourse that have been transformed into elements of political identity or which influence its formation. Opinion surveys show that traditional mental patterns continue to play a significant role in shaping the configuration of the political identity of the Japanese, identifying such features as a trust in the patronizing representatives of the political class, an urge for social protection from the authorities, a high degree of national unity, support from the state as the main political entity, and a low level of individual participation. In the context of nonlinear dynamics of socio-political transformations, such unique features derive from the desire to rely on patrimonialism and other traditions.

The ideas of Nishida Kitaro, in particular his concept of the "logic of place," had a significant impact on many Japanese philosophers of the 20th century, and not only those who belonged to the Kyoto school. We can say that the very category of place has acquired the status of a universal cognitive (ontognoseological) metaphor, widely used in a variety of contexts. Nakamura, like many other mod­ern Japanese philosophers, uses the concept of place as a frame that allows us to view reality as a dynamic network of multi-level connections and interactions. The works of the Tokyo philosopher Nakamura Yujiro, whose scientific activity took place in the last third of the 20th – early 21st centuries, is a vivid example of the further development of the theory of place at the modern level, confirming its heuristic possibilities. The article is devoted to the analysis of Nakamura's views in his books Topos Theory, Common Sense Theory and Predicative World and Systems, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of topological meta­phors in various fields of both natural science and philosophy, contributing to the development of modern ontological and epistemological theories. The con­ducted research demonstrates the potential of Asian philosophical traditions, which should be taken into account while solving the problems facing modern philosophy.

The problems of time and history are of particular relevance at the turning points in the development of human society, which can be considered to be the beginning of the 21st century. At the same time, in a changing world, it is important to take into account the ideas about time and history that have arisen in various cultural and civilizational areas. The article analyzes the attempt of a Japanese philosopher Nishitani Keiji belonging to the Kyoto school to for­mulate a modern concept of history based on the Buddhist view of the world and time. Unlike other religious and philosophical traditions, Buddhist thought practically did not touch upon topics related to history. Using Nishitani's philo­sophy as an example, the author tries to demonstrate the specifics of the modern Buddhist approach to understanding time and history and to determine its heur­istic potential. Due to the fact that today the narrative view of history prevails, introducing a value component into the understanding of history, which turns history into a field of ideological struggle, an analysis of alternative approaches to history that have arisen, including those in non-Western thought, and reflect­ing its complexity and non-linearity, seems worthy attention. The ontologized model of history proposed by Nishitani poses new problems and thereby opens up new perspectives for considering time and history, such as the relationship of time, history and causality, history and space, definitions of the subject of history and the role of will in history, view of history as a dynamic network with many centers and horizons, understanding the relationship of past, present and future in history.

The article comprehends the features of Hegel's philosophy of the late period, presented in the book "Hegel's Philosophy of Spirit: A Critical Guide" edited by M.F. Bykova. The author analyses the key points of Hegel's philosophical sys­tem and demonstrates that the combination of careful textual work and, on its ba­sis, the interpretation of philosophical ideas considered in the context of specific historical eras, plays an important role in conducting research in the field of Hegel studies. Since the philosophical works of Hegel are assessed as very diffi­cult for reading and interpretation, and the principles of building his philosophi­cal system and the development of the absolute spirit, as a result, are often mis­understood, it is not always possible to successfully accomplish such a task. The reviewed collective monograph serves as a good example of research work combining reliance on authorized text sources and grounded interpretations of Hegel's philosophy within the framework of modern scientific and sociocultural knowledge. The articles collected in the book are devoted to various problems of Hegel's philosophy of the spirit, presented mainly in the "Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences", and reasonably show the relevance and importance of Hegel's philosophy in our days.