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As a research objective, the article presents a classification of myths and scientific orientations of world mythology, as a condition of possibility to explain the national and political formation of cultures, for which the historical and cognitive method was used. Myths are part of the primitive religious imaginary. The political sphere, in which the principles and technologies of management of society are developed, is the one most in need of producing effective means of influence, so that its results have an intense load of mythogenesis. In the space of the political most of the characteristics of myth are the perception of accessibility and openness of empathy, regardless of a person's age, gender, nationality. Everything allows to conclude that, the history of the search for the underlying essence of the universe also goes back to the distant past of science. For example, some philosophers of ancient India and China, Egypt and Babylon, ancient Central Asia and Greece, among others, believed that some substance or certain element lay at the base of the universe.

There are a number of questions in the theory and practice of law: "Who is a child?" "When does childhood begin and end?", "What is the definition of the term 'child'?", "What does the concept of 'child' include and what is the content that makes it up?". In this vein, the aim of the article was to analyze the issue of children's rights, the discussion of which is still under debate and does not fully satisfy all parties involved. The authors used a set of methods including: logical, chronological and systematic approaches, comparative analysis, as well as the results of social surveys, literature analysis and statistical methods. As a result, the content and essence of such historical and legal terms as "Rushd", "adna sinn al-bulug", "murohiq" were clarified. The authors conclude that at present there is a disagreement among researchers in determining the legal status of the concept of "child" and in elaborating the definition of "child" itself, so one of the ways to solve this problem is the proposal to change the legal definition of the concept of "child" by expanding its scope and meanings.