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Transparency and its connection to journalism -- Journalistic transparency in history and context -- Can you see the sunlight? Transparency at work -- Algorithmic forms of transparency and opacity -- The limits of the transparency myth -- Transparency after all.

Karlsson argues that 9/11 led to a considerable pressure to strengthen rules and practices for counterterrorism and security, but that this pressure was mediated by several other conditions. The reforms were also affected by, among other things, how the threat of global terrorism was perceived, pressure from international institutions such as the UN, EU, and NATO, the domestic political context, and pre-existing rules and practices. The book offers a unique lens on the study of counterterrorism from a new theoretical and regional perspective.

Although considerable efforts have studied online news, studies so far have not investigated how the actual news topics are affected by digitalization in general, if at all, or compared them to different media constructs. Instead, changes in content are assumed or illustrated anecdotally rather than systematically assessed. This empirical study, covering Swedish and UK news sites within tabloid, quality morning, and local/regional varieties between 2002 and 2012, shows that there is a tabloidization effect in general but that it is stronger in tabloids and in Sweden compared to the UK. Further, this tabloidization can be more precisely described as a shift from political to more lifestyle journalism, as it is in the areas where the prime growth and decline are found. In addition, the study reveals that it is the slower news that increases most suggesting that the immediate character of online news is mediated by production conditions

AbstractMany anti‐sex trafficking analyses use the term institution in a narrow meaning, comprising mainly formal‐legal political structures (public laws and governmental organizations). However, by bringing in the new institutionalism approach, it is argued that an anti‐sex trafficking institution should refer to a relatively enduring collection of rules – including also informal rules such as norms and routines – and organized practices that prescribe appropriate behaviour for any actor, public or private, combating sex trafficking. Based on a review of current research it is concluded that anti‐sex trafficking institutions in the early 21st century tend to focus on behaviour that aims at detection, prevention, protection, crisis management, consequence management, and response. Finally, reflecting different strands of the new institutionalism approach, it is argued that the design of anti‐sex trafficking institutions depends on path‐dependencies, social constructions, international institutions, and domestic politics.

Lithuania's formation of a counter-terrorism institution after 9/11 sheds new light on three premises often associated with the study of institutional formation. First, while the distinction between the creation phase and the operation phase is logical, the appearance of extra-institutional guidance suggests that established institutions within other domains (e.g. military security) can temporarily fill an institutional vacuum (counter-terrorism). Second, the dynamic between agency and structure is readily seen, but in this case it was quite clear that agency was strongly dependent upon changes in some of the structural contexts (threat of terrorism, international institutions, age of the security state). Third, the role of sequencing and timing turned out to be more important than expected. There was a strong temporal order between the sequences of the formation phase and a significant spillover from two contemporary security processes (preparations for NATO membership, reforms of the security state).

Why are some non-state actors more successful than others in developing and maintaining durable patterns of transnational interaction? Why are some transnational actors more successful in their lobbying than others? This book is a case study of the Baltic Sea region that addresses such questions. Many non-governmental organizations today have regular contacts with counterparts in other littoral states. In some cases, the non-state actors have also deepened their cooperation and established regional international non-governmental organizations or transnational networks. Their purpose has been, amongst other things, to establish a platform from which they can interact with the Baltic Sea states and influence regional intergovernmental processes. In explainging these patterns of transnational relations, the author highlights a broad range of conditions relating to the actors themselves as well as to structure.