Suchergebnisse

The basic question of this book is what we can learn from empirical as well as theoretical analysis of financial systems, differing cross-sectional and changing structually over time, with respect to the issue of stability of financial systems. Part I of the book deals with stability issues in a globalizing financial world and addresses topics of convergence, domestic policy, financial bubbles, crises and international coordination. Part II is on banking systems. Country specific adoption and restructuring of (universal but also separation) banking systems are key problems for the industrialized economies, while catching-up is of major concern for the economies in transition. Feeble regional economies and subsidized banking is at the heart of the vivid dispute on public sector banking being taken up in Part III. The last Part is devoted to resource-oriented approaches in quantifiying financial development and risk of sovereign default

This research provides a comparative study of the Japanese and German nursing home sectors. Faced with aging populations, both countries share similar long-term care policies based on social insurance. However, descriptive statistics indicate significant differences in the outcomes and costs in their respective nursing home sectors. This research aims to identify the reasons for this state of affairs by examining demographic and policy differences between the two countries. To shed light on the subject from multiple angles, we conduct three types of empirical analysis - regression, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, and data envelopment analysis - on regional data from the past decade. Our findings indicate that the different outcomes are driven by both demographic and policy differences where policy relates to long-term care as well as to additional welfare aid. In terms of policy, a key difference is found in the designs of the welfare programs for low-income elders. In Germany, our results are consistent with moral hazard due to the generous design of the welfare program, while in Japan, our results do not indicate moral hazard, which may be due to strict nursing home admission rules for welfare recipients.

This research provides a comparative study of the Japanese and German nursing home sectors. Faced with aging populations, both countries share similar long-term care policies based on social insurance. However, descriptive statistics indicate significant differences in the outcomes and costs in their respective nursing home sectors. This research aims to identify the reasons for this state of affairs by examining demographic and policy differences between the two countries. To shed light on the subject from multiple angles, we conduct three types of empirical analysis—regression, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, and data envelopment analysis—on regional data from the past decade. Our findings indicate that the different outcomes are driven by both demographic and policy differences where policy relates to long-term care as well as to additional welfare aid. In terms of policy, a key difference is found in the designs of the welfare programs for low-income elders. In Germany, our results are consistent with moral hazard due to the generous design of the welfare program, while in Japan, our results do not indicate moral hazard, which may be due to strict nursing home admission rules for welfare recipients.

Im OECD-Vergleich erscheint der deutsche Krankenhaussektor vielen Beobachtern ineffizient. Wie aber sieht ein Vergleich der deutschen Bundesländer aus? Die Autoren untersuchen Umfang und Ursachen von Effizienzveränderungen im deutschen Krankenhaussektor. Es zeigt sich: Zwischen den Ländern bestehen substanzielle Unterschiede. Die wesentliche Einflussgröße ist die Verweildauer; andere Effekte wie eine stärkere Spezialisierung hängen vom Finanzierungssystem und regionalen Besonderheiten ab. Die Landespolitik, insbesondere in Westdeutschland, sollte vermehrt krankenhauspolitische Instrumente etwa der Investitionsförderung ausschöpfen, die mehr und bessere Leistungen bei gleichzeitig schonenderem Ressourceneinsatz versprechen und die Patientenzufriedenheit erhöhen. ; The authors assess the scope and sources of changes in the technical efficiency of German hospital care in the period 1993 to 2013. German states (Länder) differ substantially in terms of efficiency. The length of stay is the most important driver of efficiency, while the effects of other policy measures depend on funding systems and regional idiosyncrasies. For example, East German hospitals were drastically restructured after reunification, reducing the scope for further improvements. In West Germany, by contrast, increased capital could enhance efficiency. The authors conclude that appropriate policy measures should be pursued, especially in West Germany, in order to increase efficiency.

Total factor productivity (TFP) growth allows for additional health care services under restricted resources. We examine whether hospital policy can stimulate hospital TFP growth. We exploit variation across German federal states in the period 1993 to 2013. State governments decide on hospital capacity planning (number of hospitals, departments and beds), ownership, medical students, and hospital investment funding. We show that TFP growth in German hospital care reflects quality improvements rather than increases in output volumes. Second-stage regression results indicate that reducing the length of stay is generally a proper way to foster TFP growth. The effects of other hospital policies depend on the reimbursement scheme: under activity-based (DRG) hospital funding, scope-related policies (privatization, specialization) come with TFP growth. Under fixed daily rate funding, scale matters to TFP (hospital size, occupancy rates). Differences in capitalization in East and West Germany allows to show that deepening capital may enhance TFP growth if capital is scarce. We also show that there is less scope for hospital policies after large-scale restructurings of the hospital sector.