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Kartchner reviews The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed by Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz.

The various factors that prompted American & Soviet politicians to sign the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty are studied. An overview of the USSR's development of ABM technology & the Nixon administration's guidelines for creating the Safeguard ABM system is presented along with an overview of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks held from 1969-1972. Three determinants that prompted the US to accept the ABM Treaty are identified, eg, the view that controlling the stockpiling of arms would enhance national security by reducing the threat of surprise nuclear attack. The role that then-current Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara & his understanding of mutual assured destruction had on the US's decision is also considered. Although the cultural & theoretical differences between Soviet & American defense planning were significant, it is noted that the USSR also wished to reduce the opposing superpower's capacity to launch a surprise nuclear attack with ballistic missiles. It is concluded that the ABM Treaty was the product of unusual historical conditions & that present-day international developments have forced the US to attempt to revise the treaty. 1 Table. J. W. Parker

This report presents a conceptual discussion of the implications of maritime nuclear weapons for crisis management, and discusses the following themes: 1) strategic nuclear weapons have played significant crisis control and termination functions in the past; 2) current U.S. Navy maritime theater nuclear warfare capabilities, by virtue of their dispersal throughout the fleet, are very likely to be involved either directly or indirectly in future crisis responses by naval forces; 3) crisis response is a key feature of the Maritime Strategy's plan for deterring war and controlling escalation; and 4) maritime theater nuclear capabilities may both enhance and impede naval crisis management objectives. Keywords: Theater level operations; Military strategy; Deterrence; Naval planning; Military doctrine; Military nuclear forces deployment; Naval nuclear warfare theater; Crisis management; Maritime strategy; Tactical nuclear weapons. (edc) ; http://archive.org/details/longrangeplannin00kart ; NA

The last two decades have seen a slow but steady increase in nuclear armed states, and in the seemingly less constrained policy goals of some of the newer "rogue" states in the international system. The authors ofOn Limited Nuclear War in the 21st Century argue that a time may come when one of these states makes the conscious decision that using a nuclear weapon against the United States, its allies, or forward deployed forces in the context of a crisis or a regional conventional conflict may be in its interests. They assert that we are unprepared for these types of limited nuclear wars and that it is urgent we rethink the theory, policy, and implementation of force related to our approaches to this type of engagement. Together they critique Cold War doctrine on limited nuclear war and consider a number of the key concepts that should govern our approach to limited nuclear conflict in the future. These include identifying the factors likely to lead to limited nuclear war, examining the geopolitics of future conflict scenarios that might lead to small-scale nuclear use, and assessing strategies for crisis management and escalation control. Finally, they consider a range of strategies and operational concepts for countering, controlling, or containing limited nuclear war.

This Handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. The volume explicitly addresses the analytical conundrums faced by scholars who wish to employ or generate strategic cultural insights, with substantive commentary on defining and scoping strategic culture, analytic frameworks and approaches, levels of analysis, sources of strategic culture, and modalities of change in strategic culture. The chapters engage strategic culture at the civilizational, regional, supra-national, national, non-state actor, and organizational levels. Divided into five thematic parts, the volume will appeal both to students new to the subject and to scholars who wish to incorporate strategic culture into their toolbox of analytical techniques. Part I assesses the evolving theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the field. Part II lays out elements of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the field, including sources and components of strategic culture. Part III presents a number of national strategic cultural profiles representing the state of contemporary strategic culture scholarship. Part IV addresses the utility of strategic culture for practitioners and scholars. Part V summarizes the key theoretical and practical insights offered by the volume's contributors. This handbook will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, defense studies, security studies and International Relations in general, as well as to professional practitioners.

"This Handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. The volume explicitly addresses the analytical conundrums faced by scholars who wish to employ or generate strategic cultural insights, with substantive commentary on defining and scoping strategic culture, analytic frameworks and approaches, levels of analysis, sources of strategic culture, and modalities of change in strategic culture. The chapters engage strategic culture at the civilizational, regional, supra-national, national, non-state actor, and organizational levels. Divided into five thematic parts, the volume will appeal both to students new to the subject and to scholars who wish to incorporate strategic culture into their toolbox of analytical techniques. Part I assesses the evolving theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the field. Part II lays out elements of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the field, including sources and components of strategic culture. Part III presents a number of national strategic cultural profiles representing the state of contemporary strategic culture scholarship. Part IV addresses the utility of strategic culture for practitioners and scholars. Part V summarizes the key theoretical and practical insights offered by the volume's contributors. This handbook will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, defense studies, security studies and International Relations in general, as well as to professional practitioners"--

"This Handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. The volume explicitly addresses the analytical conundrums faced by scholars who wish to employ or generate strategic cultural insights, with substantive commentary on defining and scoping strategic culture, analytic frameworks and approaches, levels of analysis, sources of strategic culture, and modalities of change in strategic culture. The chapters engage strategic culture at the civilizational, regional, supra-national, national, non-state actor, and organizational levels. Divided into five thematic parts, the volume will appeal both to students new to the subject and to scholars who wish to incorporate strategic culture into their toolbox of analytical techniques. Part I assesses the evolving theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the field. Part II lays out elements of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the field, including sources and components of strategic culture. Part III presents a number of national strategic cultural profiles representing the state of contemporary strategic culture scholarship. Part IV addresses the utility of strategic culture for practitioners and scholars. Part V summarizes the key theoretical and practical insights offered by the volume's contributors. This handbook will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, defense studies, security studies and International Relations in general, as well as to professional practitioners"--

"This Handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. The volume explicitly addresses the analytical conundrums faced by scholars who wish to employ or generate strategic cultural insights, with substantive commentary on defining and scoping strategic culture, analytic frameworks and approaches, levels of analysis, sources of strategic culture, and modalities of change in strategic culture. The chapters engage strategic culture at the civilizational, regional, supra-national, national, non-state actor, and organizational levels. Divided into five thematic parts, the volume will appeal both to students new to the subject and to scholars who wish to incorporate strategic culture into their toolbox of analytical techniques. Part I assesses the evolving theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the field. Part II lays out elements of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the field, including sources and components of strategic culture. Part III presents a number of national strategic cultural profiles representing the state of contemporary strategic culture scholarship. Part IV addresses the utility of strategic culture for practitioners and scholars. Part V summarizes the key theoretical and practical insights offered by the volume's contributors. This handbook will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, defense studies, security studies and International Relations in general, as well as to professional practitioners"--