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AbstractWomen's sports drama is a new addition to the increasing number of genres in post‐millennial Tamil cinema. This article analyzes the representation of women's empowerment through sports in two such Tamil films: Bigil (Atlee 2019) and Kanaa (Kamaraj 2018). Bigil is a hero‐centric football movie while Kanaa is a heroine‐centric cricket movie. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore the representation of women athletes in both movies. Both movies show the various challenges women athletes face in pursuing their dreams. However, Kanaa is a more realistic portrayal of women's sports and gives much more voice to the female protagonist when compared to Bigil. In Bigil, the coach is presented as a savior who helps women athletes excel in football. In Kanaa, the coach plays a realistic role of defending, supporting, and training his players to succeed.

This paper discusses how the culture of migration influences the aspirations of undergraduate students in Tamil Nadu. Migration aspirations among Tamil youths may be influenced by strong historical and contemporary migration culture. Data for this study were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students in Chennai. Findings were divided into three main themes: career-focused versus marriage-focused plans after graduation; escaping gendered and hierarchical relationships; and having a US-born child. The findings show that male students tended to focus on career and family obligations while female students focused on marriage migration. This study shows that a culture of migration, family obligation and the influence of traditional gender roles influence youths' migration dreams.

Studies have shown that beauty ideals are often exemplified, transmitted, and maintained through cultural products such as art, literature, and movies. This article analyzes the perception of beauty ideals in Tamil movies by Malaysian Indian youths and beauty ideals in Tamil movies from the 1960s to 2009. There were two stages of data collection. The first stage consisted of in‐depth interviews with 20 female and 20 male students at a public university in Malaysia. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. The next stage involved a content analysis of 25 Tamil movies produced from the 1960s to 2009, selected by means of a stratified sampling technique. The analysis showed that some elements of beauty ideals have evolved in Tamil movies, and these trends were also identified by the participants. The preference for thinness, fairness/whiteness, and youthfulness is prevalent for actresses, but not for male actors. This may be a reflection of sociocultural expectations of contemporary Indian society and the mass consumption of global media. The emphasis on traditional feminine ideals remains obvious in these movies, even though the prominence given to them has decreased over the years. Understanding these changes is important in media literacy and in the design of intervention programs for youth.

Intro -- Standing on the Shoulders of Our Sisters -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Introduction -- Gender and Ethnic Inequality: An Overview -- Demographic Profile of Malaysia -- Malaysian Indians: Gender and Ethnic Gaps -- Structure of the Book -- References -- Colonial Era and the Early Years of Independence -- Migration of Indian Women to Malaya: Socio-Economic Status and Sense of Nationalism, 1900-1957 -- Introduction -- The Migration Experience -- Socio-Economic Status of Indian Women in Malaya -- Capitalist Exploitation -- Consumption of Toddy -- Education -- Economy -- Sense of Nationalism among Indian Women in Malaya -- Life during Japanese Occupation -- Estate Strikes after Japanese Occupation -- Conclusion -- References -- "Indian Mothers, 'Chinese' Daughters": Child Adoption in Pre-Independence Malaysia and Singapore -- Introduction -- Reasons for Giving Up and Reasons for Adopting a (Girl) Child -- Becoming 'Indian' -- Conclusion -- References -- Politics, Economics and Work -- Intersectionality and Indian Women's Political Participation in Malaysia -- Introduction -- Malaysian Women and Political Leadership -- Indian Women's Participation in Party Politics in Malaysia -- Intersectionality and Indian Women's Political Participation -- Avenues of Political Participation of Indian Women -- Policy Recommendations -- Conclusion -- References -- The Impoverishment of Malaysian Indian Women: A Capability Approach Perspective -- Introduction: Capability Approach as Framework -- Cultural Socialisation of Malaysian Indian Women: A Brief Perspective -- Methodology -- Findings and Discussion -- Capabilities -- Functionings -- Agency -- Conclusion -- References -- Female Indian Classical Dance Practitioners in Malaysia: Labour and Visibility -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Women in the Indian Classical Dance Scene in Malaysia.

AbstractFrom 1989 to 2014, Iran was known as a country with a successful family planning programme, and has experienced a sharp decline in fertility over recent decades. This led to the introduction of pronatalist policies in 2014 and the restriction of family planning services. The aim of this study was to explore men's views on their access to contraceptive information and services and the socio-cultural barriers to such access in Tehran. The qualitative study was conducted in 2014 using in-depth interviews with 60 married men of varying ages and socioeconomic status from across Tehran. The data were analysed with a basic interpretive approach using MAXQDA10. Although the majority of the men acknowledged the importance of family planning and contraceptive use, they reported that their access to contraceptive information and services was limited. Discussion of sexual matters and contraception among men was identified as being somewhat embarrassing. Three main issues were identified: (1) men's poor awareness of contraceptive use; (2) men's poor access to high-quality health care services; and (3) cultural taboos and gender norms as barriers to contraception use by men. Socio-cultural and gender norms were found to significantly affect the men's contraceptive use. The study results support the growing call for gender-transformative approaches to family planning and reproductive health service delivery in Iran, to involve men and facilitate their greater participation.

Malaysian intercultural society is typified by three major ethnic groups mainly Malays, Chinese and Indians. Although education system is the best tool for these three major ethnic groups to work together, contemporary research reveals that there is still lack of intercultural embedding education context and national schools are seen as breeding grounds of racial polarisation. In Malaysian context, there is a gap in research that focuses on the design of a proper intercultural reading framework for national integration and such initiatives are viable through schools. The main objective of this conceptual paper is to introduce the English Language Intercultural Reading Programme (ELIRP) in secondary schools to promote intercultural understanding among secondary school students. The proposed framework will facilitate the acquisition of intercultural inputs without being constrained by ideological, political, or psychological demands. This article will focus on elucidating how ELIRP could affect cognitive (knowledge) and behavioural transformations to intercultural perceptions harboured by selected Form 4 students of 20 national schools in Malaysia.Keywords: behavior, knowledge, intercultural reading framework, intercultural understanding, English Language Intercultural Reading Programme, secondary school students