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With the onset of Christianity in the East Slavic lands in 988, book culture began to evolve in its presecular frame, leading to the establishment of true secular research libraries at Russia's Academy of Sciences & Moscow U in the eighteenth century. In the early Soviet period, V. I. Lenin & his wife promoted library culture, but WWII took its toll on Soviet library, archival, & museum collections. The recent political & economic policies of glasnost & perestroika (openness & restructuring) have brought change to Soviet libraries, opening restricted collections to the general public, & promoting cooperative ventures with Western nations. The Soviet libraries include not only Russian & Slavic materials, but also manuscript, book, & archival collections in most of the world's languages & scripts. However, library service to Soviet readers is differentiated by academic & professional status, & while Western researchers may enjoy some privileges, they also experience delays & difficulties. Major research libraries in Moscow & Leningrad are listed. Bibliography. Modified AA

Contents: Historical background; The Soviet period; Common features; Comments on individual collections in Moscow and Leningrad.

Edward Kasinec, A friendship destroyed : the hitherto unpublished correspondence (1917-1921) of the academicians Rozhdestvenskie with the expatriate, A.V. Got 'stein.
The seven letters published in this communication, dating from the period 1917-1921, were sent from Ol'ga Antonovna Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaia (d. 1939) and her husband, Dmitrii Sergeevich (d. 1940) to Aleksandra Vasil'evna Gol'stein (d. 1937), a Russian expatriate living in France. Although the Rozhdestvenskie had lived in Western Europe for extensive periods of time, these letters from the extensive Gol'stein papers held at the Bakhmeteff archives (Columbia University, New York) date from the period when both held academic positions in Petrograd. They shed important light on specific points in the biographies and careers of both scholars, as well as giving us insight into the process whereby they gradually accommodated to the new political and social order. Their acceptance of the Soviet regime was evidently the decisive factor in the rupture of their relationship with Gol'stein, still a little-studied though important catalyst in Russo-French cultural relations of the early twentieth century.

Die wichtigste Quellen und Forschungszentren zum Thema Einwanderung, Integration und ethnische Beziehungen in den USA werden dokumentiert und erläutert. Dazu werden unveröffentlichte und publizierte Quellen innerhalb und außerhalb der USA ebenso aufgezählt wie die bedeutendsten Hochschulen, Gesellschaften und Forschungsinstitutionen, die sich mit diesem Gegenstand befassen. Für die USA werden z.B. genannt die Harvard College Library, die Texas Southern University und die Kulturzentren der skandinavischen Einwanderer. In Europa befinden sich die größten Zentren in der Bundesrepublik, in Schweden, Polen und der CSSR. Die Forschung über ethnische Gruppen ist auch durch die Entwicklung umfassender sozialhistorischer Methoden erheblich gefördert worden. (HA)