Suchergebnisse

The period of Occupied France presents a striking example of the failure of memory studies thus far to penetrate certain essential questions in French historiography. Despite its paramount importance, the memory of the French Revolution during the Occupation years has received little serious examination. This article argues that the central revolutionary commemoration of le 14 juillet assumed a critical role during the Occupation. Le 14 juillet was the occasion when Vichy, the collaborationists and the Resistance each chose to glorify, qualify or condemn the Revolution. Their respective selected symbols, words, and ceremonies projected narratives of the proper French past and visions for the postwar future that competed for legitimacy. Each year, this anniversary also served to gauge the French public's response to the conflicting manipulations of the Revolution's memory, thereby becoming a vital testing ground for the political direction of the nation. Ultimately, the evolution of the holiday's meaning during the Occupation period had consequences that reached well into the post-war era.

I agree with the author's main point. Although I tried to fit a fixed-effects model to the simulated data, those data were generated from a model without fixed effects. In my experiment, therefore, use of the unconditional estimator was perfectly confounded with misspecification of the model. I thank the author for catching this flaw.

Fixed-effects logit models can be useful in panel data analysis, whenNunits have been observed forTtime periods. There are two main estimators for such models: unconditional maximum likelihood and conditional maximum likelihood. Judged on asymptotic properties, the conditional estimator is superior. However, the unconditional estimator holds several practical advantages, and therefore I sought to determine whether its use could be justified on the basis of finite-sample properties. In a series of Monte Carlo experiments forT< 20, I found a negligible amount of bias in both estimators whenT≥ 16, suggesting that a researcher can safely use either estimator under such conditions. WhenT< 16, the conditional estimator continued to have a very small amount of bias, but the unconditional estimator developed more bias asTdecreased.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction: The Jewish-Muslim Question in Modern France -- Rethinking the Jewish-Muslim Question -- New Histories of Jews, Muslims, and France -- Sources and Methodologies -- Situational Ethnicity -- Burdens of Brotherhood: Colonial, Religious, Transnational, and Racial -- Evolving Histories of Coexistence and Conflict -- Chapter 1. Jewish, Muslim, and Possibly French -- Jewish and Muslim Experiences of World War I -- Crossing the Mediterranean: Jews and Muslims in the African Army -- The Home Front: Jews, Muslims, and the Union Sacrée -- Transnational Stirrings: Zionism and Arab Nationalism in Paris -- Chapter 2. Pushing the Boundaries of Mediterranean France -- The Beginning of Shared Sociocultural Milieux -- Spaces of North African Culture and Family -- Spaces of Ethnicity and Empire -- Marseille: Mediterranean Passageway -- Strasbourg: The Mediterranean as Distant Optic -- The Constantine Riots and Categories of Conflict -- Jewish Narratives of Colonialism and Violence -- Jews' and Muslims' Perilous Positions in Far Right Visions of France -- Rallying to the Republic? Jewish-Muslim Unity and Dissonance in the Popular Front -- The Breakdown of Jewish-Muslim Political Unity -- Chapter 3. Jews as Muslims and Muslims as Jews -- Jewish "Muslims" -- The Grand Mosque of Paris: A Haven of Resistance and Rescue? -- Muslim Collaboration and Accommodation -- Friendlier Terms: Muslims and Jews Living and Fighting Side by Side -- Palestine in Paris: A New Cause for Conflict? -- Chapter 4. Expanding the Republic or Ending the Empire? -- Postwar Evolutions in Jewish and Muslim Life -- New Challenges, New Choices -- Jews and Muslims far from the Conflict -- The Beginnings of Engagement -- Jewish Organizations in the Face of "the Events" -- Individualized Jewish and Muslim Responses.

"The lively essays collected here explore colonial history, culture, and thought as it intersects with Jewish studies. Connecting the Jewish experience with colonialism to mobility and exchange, diaspora, internationalism, racial discrimination, and Zionism, the volume presents the work of Jewish historians who recognize the challenge that colonialism brings to their work and sheds light on the diverse topics that reflect the myriad ways that Jews engaged with empire in modern times. Taken together, these essays reveal the interpretive power of the "Imperial Turn" and present a rethinking of the history of Jews in colonial societies in light of postcolonial critiques and destabilized categories of analysis. A provocative discussion forum about Zionism as colonialism is also included"--