Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abstract -- Zusammenfassung -- My Contribution -- Publications of the Author -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Outline -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Aims and Objectives -- 1.3 Structure of the Work -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Foundations and Terms of Crisis Management -- 2.2 Research Domain and Technologies of Crisis Informatics -- 2.3 Adoption of Social Media Analytics in Crisis Informatics -- 2.4 Towards Information Refinement in Crisis Informatics -- 2.5 Research Gaps and Potentials -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Research Field and Foundations -- 3.2 Research Approach -- 3.3 Research Context -- 3.4 Methods -- 3.4.1 Theoretical Review -- 3.4.2 Empirical Pre-Study -- 3.4.3 Design of Artefacts -- 3.4.4 Evaluation -- Part II Theoretical and Empirical Findings -- 4 Retrospective Review and Future Directions for Crisis Informatics -- 4.1 Introduction and Brief History -- 4.2 Published Cases of Social Media in Emergencies -- 4.3 Usage Patterns-Types of Interaction in Social Media -- 4.3.1 Citizens to Citizens (C2C)-Self-Coordination and Help -- 4.3.2 Authorities to Citizens (A2C)-Crisis Communication and Public Alerting -- 4.3.3 Citizens to Authorities (C2A)-Integration of Citizen-Generated Content -- 4.3.4 Authorities to Authorities (A2A)-Inter- and Intra-Organizational Crisis Management -- 4.4 Role Patterns-Types of Users in Social Media -- 4.4.1 Citizens -- or Public Perspective -- 4.4.2 Authorities -- or Organizational Perspective -- 4.4.3 Towards a Classification of Roles Related to Social Media Use -- 4.5 Perception Patterns-Views on Social Media -- 4.5.1 Authorities' Perception of Social Media -- 4.5.2 Citizens' Perception on Social Media -- 4.5.3 Towards Comprehensive Perception Patterns -- 4.6 The Past and the Future: Discussion and Conclusion.

Social media has been established in many larger emergencies and crises. This process has not started just a few years ago, but already 15 years ago in 2001 after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. In the following years, especially in the last 10, sometimes summarized under the term crisis informatics, a variety of studies focusing on the use of ICT and social media before, during or after nearly every crisis and emergency has arisen. This article aimed to recapitulate 15 years of social media in emergencies and its research with a special emphasis on use patterns, role patterns and perception patterns that can be found across different cases to point out what has been achieved so far, and what future potentials exist.

Abstract
For almost 15 years, social media have been regularly used during emergencies. One of the most recent, and instructive, examples of its widespread use during a large scale scenario in Europe were the 2013 European floods. Public reporting during the event indicated, and our analysis confirms, that Twitter, Facebook (FB), Google Maps and other services were frequently used by affected citizen and volunteers to coordinate help activities among themselves. We conducted a qualitative analysis of selected emergent volunteer communities in Germany on FB and Twitter among others, and subsequently conducted interviews with FB group founders and activists. Our aim was to analyze the use of social media during this particular event, especially by digital volunteers. Our study illustrates the relevance of social media for German citizens in cases of disaster, focusing especially on the role of the moderator. Our specific emphasis was the embedding of social media in the organizing work done by said volunteers, emphasizing both the patterns of social media use and the challenges that result. We show that different social media were used in different ways: Twitter was used in the main for status updates while FB-pages were mostly intended to provide an overview. FB-groups also coordinated a multitude of activities.

AbstractSocial media have been established in many natural disasters or human‐induced crises and emergencies. Nowadays, authorities, such as emergency services, and citizens engage with social media in different phases of the emergency management cycle. However, as research in crisis informatics highlights, one remaining issue constitutes the chaotic use of social media by citizens during emergencies, which has the potential to increase the complexity of tasks, uncertainty, and pressure for emergency services. To counter these risks, besides implementing supportive technology, social media guidelines may help putting artefact and theoretical contributions into practical use for authorities and citizens. This paper presents the design and evaluation (with 1,024 participants) of citizens' guidelines for using social media before, during, and after emergencies.

This edited volume by CSS' Myriam Dunn Cavelty and CSS director Andreas Wenger, examines new and challenging political aspects of cyber security and presents it as an issue defined by socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation. The first part looks at the current use of cyber space in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state actors in an environment defined by uncertainties. Within this, it highlights four key debates that encapsulate the complexities and paradoxes of cyber security politics from a Western perspective. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber security, global governance, technology studies, and international relations. ; Dieser Sammelband, herausgegeben von CSS Forscherin Myriam Dunn Cavelty und CSS Direktor Andreas Wenger, untersucht neue und herausfordernde politische Aspekte der Cybersicherheit und präsentiert sie als eine Problematik, welche durch sozio-technologische Unsicherheit und politische Fragmentierung definiert ist. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit der aktuellen Nutzung des Cyberraums in Konfliktsituationen, während sich der zweite Teil auf politische Reaktionen staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Akteure in einem von Unsicherheiten geprägten Umfeld konzentriert. Darin werden vier Schlüsseldebatten hervorgehoben, welche die Komplexität und Paradoxa der Cybersicherheitspolitik aus westlicher Perspektive zusammenfassen. Dieses Buch wird von grossem Interesse für Studierende der Cybersicherheit, Global Governance, Technologiestudien und internationalen Beziehungen sein.