Suchergebnisse

Analysis of articles devoted to the EU and EU-Russia relations in broadly representative Russian national newspapers reveals the level of attention paid to the EU, the kind of EU image - positive or negative - that dominates in Russian media, and the characteristics that are associated with the EU in the Russian media. The evidence suggests that the EU image is rather stable and slightly positive. However, the EU's image is also ambivalent, and the majority of EU characteristics are bipolar, with negative and positive characteristics opposing each other. The frequency of mentioning positive and negative characteristics is broadly balanced, confirming the conclusion that the EU image in the Russian press is neutral or slightly positive. Adapted from the source document.

Research in the field of regional conflict resolution rarely touches on the issue of justice. This paper aims to identify what understanding of international justice underlies Russia's actions as a mediator/peacekeeper in the process of regional conflict resolution in the 1990s-2010s. The study also contributes to the understanding of Russia's foreign policy by clarifying Moscow's views on the essence and parameters of a just global order. The paper provides a study of the dominant Russian views on the essence of justice in international relations. It offers an insight into Russia's peace-making and conflict resolution activities in the context of the three concepts of global justice and taking into account the factor of national interests. The study concludes that the dominant understanding of international justice in Russia is that which corresponds to Allen Buchanan's concept of subjective justice. In Moscow's view, international justice is a set of rules developed in the process of consensus driven negotiations between the great powers. According to this logic, a just settlement of the regional conflict is possible only on the basis of the consensus of the parties to the conflict and in accordance with the interests of the global and regional powers concerned. The fair interaction of the great powers in the settlement of the regional conflict and the impact that the conflict resolution could have on the development of the international order were of crucial importance for Moscow within the period under consideration. Moscow's activity in the conflict resolution in the post-Soviet space generally corresponded to the model of justice as mutual recognition, but with absolute priority of Russian national interests. The strategy for resolving regional conflicts in the post-Soviet space could only be understood in the broad context of relations with Western countries and has changed in line with the development of these relations.

The article examines the variety of factors that can influence the speed of decision-making in the European Union in the area of the Single Market (SM), and also assesses the degree of such influence. We use quantitative analysis methods based on spatial analysis and the Cox model to determine which factors accelerate and which ones slow down the legislative process in the area of the SM during the period from 1990 to 2019. The results of our work show that the speed of decision-making in the field of the SM is influenced by the same factors as the legislative process in the EU in general, namely: a type and complexity of a legislative act, an institutional and a regulatory framework that determines a decision-making procedure. We conclude that only the Amsterdam Treaty and the Interinstitutional Agreement of 2007 have significantly accelerated the decision-making process. We've managed to identify a fundamental difference regarding the legislative process in the area of the SM. In contrast to secondary legislation in general in the area of the SM a decision-making procedure (consultation or regular legislative procedure) does not affect the speed of decision-making. We found out that out of seven strategic documents, only two had given a significant impetus to the development of the SM. These features of decision-making process in the area of SM constitute a basis for further research and the proposed methods of analysis can be extended in order to assess integration dynamics in other areas of regulation in integration entities.

The article addresses the system of comitology and delegation in the European Union. It explores such issues like evolution of comitology, contemporary procedures of the control over the European Commission in the process of elaboration of implementing and delegated acts, preferences of legislators regarding control procedures, factors determining the final choice among these procedures. The article shows that the system is based on the "police patrol" model.Should we consider the comitology / delegation procedures as a mechanism of control or discussion (deliberation)? This question is of the greatest theoretical interest. The purpose of this article is to show based on the existing empirical studies, the actual preferences of EU institutions when choosing the procedures of comitology/delegation and the factors influencing the final decision. The article demonstrates that both prior to and after the Lisbon Treaty, the preferences of institutions in choosing procedures differ significantly and can be largely explained by the goal of maximizing their own influence. An empirical analysis of the results of the final choice of procedures demonstrates that the main factors that push toward stricter control procedures are institutional conflict and the complexity of the issue under discussion. These preferences and factors of the choice of procedures allow to conclude that the EU institutions consider the system of comitology and delegation primarily as a mechanism of control over the Commission in the logic of the principal-agent theory.