Suchergebnisse

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of communication in the system of local self-government of the Republic of Tatarstan as a subject of the Russian Federation conducted by the authors in November – December 2019. The study included a survey of representatives of regional media and press services of local authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan in order to determine the model of communication in the local government system and the role of PR-activities in the regulation of social interaction in the region. Methods and materials. The main method of studying was the method of expert survey. The authors developed a questionnaire, which was used during an interview with experts. When choosing an expert – a media representative for the interview – the authors took into account three factors: the rating of the represented media, the experience of the respondent in the regional media (at least five years) and the authority to make a key decision on the publication of the material. In order to identify the experts who are representatives of local self-government bodies, the authors of the article determined the following criteria: implementation of information and analytical activities in the structure of local self-government bodies, at least 5 years of experience as a head of a structural unit (public relations / media relations department) of local self-government bodies. Analysis. The analysis showed that the development of social media accelerates the process of establishing a two-way model of communication between the government and the public. Social media have become a full-fledged source of information both for the journalistic community and for the press services of local governments. Moreover, with the help of the content posted in posts on official accounts on social networks, local governments can attract residents of the municipal territory to participate in solving local issues. Constant monitoring, responding to comments, tracking negative content on social media are becoming everyday practices in the work of press services. Results. The results of the study indicate that over the past decade in the Russian Federation the necessary prerequisites have been formed for the formation of a bilateral symmetrical model of communication between local authorities and the population. This model is aimed at providing effective feedback that allows the local government to quickly respond to the aspirations and needs of the population, monitor their dynamics, constantly monitor the attitude and assessments of citizens of decisions made on the development of the city or region.

The article deals with the phenomenon of "leader's death" as an effective tool of Soviet educational practices. Vladimir Lenin became a cult figure; the attitude to his death differentiated the degree of "sovietization". The study is based on verbal and non-verbal texts of the mid-1920s, both of adult and child origin. The use of typologically diverse sources created by children helped reconstruct the unique children's experience of perceiving and experiencing the death of "Grandfather Ilyich" and fix it in the memorial practices of future generations. The transformation of children's perception of the phenomenon of death from "terrible" to "familiar" in the epoch of wars and revolutions in Russia in 1914–1922, which occurred as a result of their vulnerability to its traumatic influence, is traced. The author concludes that the Soviet culture of childhood of the 1920s tremendously reproduced adult mortal practices adapted to the children's world. It is shown that children's memorial texts reflected both ideas produced by Soviet regime and typically children's fairytale and mythological ideas about the death of the "hero" and "eternal immortality" prepared for him. The analysis of ritualism and symbols of mourning events with the participation of children dedicated to Lenin's death, children's playful practices in the "Ilyich's funeral", children's prose and poetic memorial art testifies to the active involvement of children in the new Soviet political culture that was being formed. It was the culture of participation as a special model of interaction between the authorities and society, which provided for the active inclusion of all Soviet citizens in politics.

The article offers an interpretation of the religious worldview of Kang Youwei (1858–1927). The basis of his views was Confucianism, with the ritual model of religiosity inherent in this doctrine; Kang Youwei also studied several areas of Buddhism from a philosophical point of view. In the treatise The Travelogue of Italy (1904), Kang Youwei offered an analysis of contemporary Catholicism from the standpoint of traditional Chinese literature, considered mainly from a political point of view. The Chinese thinker adhered to axiological relativism, from the position of which he perceived as equivalent any doctrines aimed at the self-improvement of the human person and the entire human society, al­though he did not approve of ascetic practices. Kang Youwei himself also claimed to be the founder of the dogma, although he was indifferent to ritual, and his sys­tem had an expressly philosophical pattern. The Kang's key concept was Tao, which was revealed to the maximum extent to Buddha and Confucius. Kang Youwei considered the teachings of Mohism, Taoism and early Christianity to be approximately equivalent, and he considered the Catholic Church and the Papacy as a cast from the socio-political system of Ancient Rome, which were particular implementations of the Tao in specific cultures and historical settings. Kang Youwei argued that the most important provisions of the teachings of Pythagore­anism, Judaism and early Christianity were of Indian origin, introduced by Bud­dhist preachers after the conquests of Alexander the Great.

The limestone rock with petroglyphs in the village of Khodzikent (Uzbek: Xo'jakent) is one of the most well-known and accessible rock art sites of Uzbekistan, with a rich history of discovery and study. The first mentions of signs on the rock have been known in print since 1879, but the systematic study of rock images has been organized by many researchers since the middle of the 20th century, such as H.A. Alpysbaev, G.V. Parfenov, G.V. Shatsky, D. Kabirov, M.M. Khuzhanazarov, etc. In addition to the published data, this work includes unique archival materials that shed new light on the research of the Khodzikent petroglyphs by the Bostandyk archaeological team led by G.V. Parfenov. The analysis of historiographical materials reveals a number of controversial issues related primarily to the quality of fixation of pictorial sources and discrepancies in their chronological attribution. A continuous survey of promising sites and a documentation technique, developed taking into account the specifics of the Khodzikent petroglyphs (the smoothness of their contours), allowed the authors to obtain qualitatively new results: to identify a previously unknown surface with the image of a "rosette", fix 119 rock images on the "central" rock and determine the sequence of their creation using palimpsests and planigraphy analysis, reflect in digital drawings an integral image of the site of rock art. The relative chronology and analysis of iconography and the pictorial series indicate a possible broad chronological framework for the creation of Khodzikent rock images: from the Eneolithic to the early Middle Ages.

Readers are invited to the first Russian translation of extracts from the first chap­ter of the sixth part Datong shu("The Book of the Great Unity") by Kang Youwei (1858–1927). Kang Youwei proposed an original project for the radical liberation of humanity, in which the traditional mechanisms of family, marriage and gender inequality and coercion will be eliminated, and the state will take care of each person at every stage of his life. Kang Youwei adhered to the view that the main goal of a person's life is to achieve a state of happiness and satisfy all emerging needs. Congenital hedonism is in conflict with the need to reproduce. According to Kang Youwei, the institution of the family was created in ancient times and is the product of violence and suppression. In the future, free partnership will be re­lieved of the burdens of raising and educating future generations.