The article traces the evolution of the Eurasian idea, starting from the initial stage of its formation, in the context of comparing it with the implementation of the Soviet project in the pre-war years on the basis of the first three five-year plans for socialist construction. Attempts to formalize the theoretical status of the Eurasian civilization were formed on the basis of ideas about "Russia–Eurasia" as a cultural personality, about the Eurasian state, often comparing these constructions with the real achievements of socialist construction and confidently declaring the Eurasian world order within Russia–Eurasia in the future.
Aim. Analyze three options for the development and construction of the Eurasian space (Russian, Chinese and Turkic) and identify the advantages and risks associated with both the expansion of integration processes and external influence on states that are members of coalitions of the nonWestern world.Tasks. To trace the evolution of supranational structural formations in the Eurasian space after the collapse of the Soviet Union and their appearance in declarations, agreements and other legal documents, starting with statements about "the formation and development of a common economic space, pan-European and Eurasian markets".To identify the characteristic features of globalization of all spheres of human existence, which has given rise to the need to understand the "landscape of global risks", "global existential catastrophe" as an event leading "to the end of the existence of our descendants", which together determined the transition to the formation of nation states, geopolitical and geo-economic coalitions in the Greater Eurasia space ("Central Asian Five", EEAS, SCO, CSTO, UTC).Results. The concept of three main projects for the construction of Greater Eurasia is substantiated: Russian, based on the revival of the Eurasian ideology of N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky; the Chinese "Belt and Road", aimed at transforming the idea of the Great Silk Road into a Community of a Common Destiny for Humanity; Turkic, claiming to recreate the Turkic civilization with the goal of "bringing world civilizations closer together" on the Eurasian continent.The author's position is argued regarding the need to ensure coplanarity and unidirectionality of the three vectors of implementation of Eurasian projects with the consistency of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space — Russia, China and Turkey.Conclusions. Currently, the coordination of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space, taking into account the principles of convergence of national interests in interstate unions, global geopolitical processes of multi-agent interaction and global security strategy in a polycentric world, is becoming relevant.
This study focuses on the role of the Arctic Strategy of Russia in the Great Eurasian Partnership.Aim. The study aims to identify the features of the Arctic Strategy of Russia in the Great Eurasian Partnership.Tasks. The development of principles of geopolitical forecasting and work with big data, with the aim of synchronizing the integration processes contradictory in nature and interests of the actors in Greater Eurasia, identifying the features of the geopolitical regionalization of Eurasia, and analyzing the global security analytics of the Great Eurasian Partnership in the coming "digital era".Methods. The transition from the "analog" to the "digital era" at the beginning of the 21st century meant an essentially revolution in the data itself, which was associated with the emergence of their new quality — predictive. The methodology for research and forecasting the prospects of Eurasian integration is modeling the multi-agent interaction of geopolitical factors of coalitions based on mathematical game theory. The strategy of transition to a polycentric world order implies the need to move from "geopolitical fiction" to geopolitics, based on mathematical modeling of global geopolitics processes using game theory methods.Results. The geopolitical regionalization of Eurasia is a challenge to time. On the expanses of the Eurasian continent, several multi-format long-term "Eurasian projects" are increasingly clearly emerging. This is, firstly, the Eurasian Economic Union, secondly, the Chinese One Belt-One Way and, thirdly, Indo-Pacifica. The Russian Arctic is a region of the Great Eurasian Partnership. The tasks of the modern Arctic policy of Russia are focused on ensuring the priority growth of raw materials exports and industrial development of the Arctic territories, rather than on solving the problems of improving the quality of life of the local population, although in the Russian Arctic strategy until 2035 these tasks are formulated quite correctly.Conclusion. The analytics of the Eurasian partnership and the wording of expert assessments should be formed on the basis not only of political discourse, but also of exact sciences. In modern conditions, the development of scenario projects for the construction of the Great Eurasian Partnership, which includes the Greater Arctic (which, in turn, require an independent theoretical and methodological study), involves the full use of the apparatus of mathematical geopolitics (game theory), scenario modeling and big data technologies.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the cognitive aspect of information and psychological confrontation in the Eurasian space, as well as to the study of the evolution of ideas that are currently commonly referred to by the term "information and psychological and cognitive confrontation".Aim. To identify the specifics of ensuring Eurasian security in the perspective of the concept of information-psychological and cognitive confrontation.Tasks. To identify the information and psychological component in the CSTO collective security strategy, to analyze practical steps at the CSTO level in the field of countering destructive information influence, to determine the regulatory, political and organizational prerequisites for the formation of the CSTO collective information and psychological security system.Methods. The research uses both general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, and a number of special methods and approaches: comparative analysis, methodology of critical geopolitics, content analysis, informational and historical approaches.Results. The study showed that the formation of the modern concept of information-psychological and cognitive confrontation was significantly influenced by theoretical and applied research related to the understanding of the role of psychological operations and the use of special means of influencing the human psyche in modern military conflicts, as well as scientific developments in the field of studying modern methods of manipulation and propaganda, expanding the arsenal of means of hybrid conflicts, the weaponization of digital technologies, the emergence of new dimensions of international conflicts. Its subject includes systems and tools for the formation of public opinion, the peculiarities of human perception of information, as well as the whole range of methods and means of influencing public opinion and the psyche of an individual in peacetime and in combat conditions with the use of special information and psychological operations of strategic, tactical, operational level, as well as soft power tools.Conclusions. Today, more and more countries of the world are paying increased attention to the issues of ensuring information and psychological security. The desire of the post-Soviet states to preserve the political, economic and socio-cultural ties developed during their life in a single state, within the framework of new integration formats, the CIS, the EAEU, the CSTO, is increasingly faced with the problem of choosing a vector of foreign policy. Therefore, combining national interests and collective efforts to develop and conceptualize a unified approach to ensuring information and psychological security at the level of the main Eurasian cooperation formats, such as the EAEU, the CSTO and the SCO, is a priority task in the modern conflict realities of world politics.
Aim. To update attention on the need to form the ideology of Eurasian integration, expressing not only economic, but also common socio-political and spiritual interests and a vision of the common future of the EAEU.Tasks. To reveal the essence of the ideology of Eurasian nationalism, the value content of the concept of the Community of the Common Destiny of Humanity and the possibility of their complementary integrity in the ethno-political continuum of Greater Eurasia.Methods. Civilizational and concrete-historical approaches, as well as axiological discourse regarding the ideological choice in a multi-ethnic community.Results. The enduring value of the concepts of Eurasian nationalism, inverted in relation to modernity, and the Community of the Common Destiny of Mankind is substantiated. The main directions of the search for theoretical and axiological foundations are determined.Conclusion. On the agenda of Eurasian integration is the search for conditions for the rejection of libertarian ideology, serving the interests of international capital, and not peoples with a common historical destiny. It is necessary to search for its own kind of social-conservative synthesis, which combines the restoration of socialist ideology with the spiritual traditions of the Eurasian peoples.
Aim. Based on the analysis of Winston Churchill's Fulton speech and the project "The Unthinkable" initiated by him, we can trace the causes of the unavoidability and, moreover, the aggravation of the confrontation between the collective West and modern Russia.Tasks. Analysis of the course of the history of the post-war world from the unification of the Western world against the Soviet Union during the Cold War, initiated by Winston Churchill's Fulton speech, as well as the revival of the "Iron Curtain" — a global barrier between the collective West and the entire non-Western world entangled in a network of hybrid warfare.Methods. The historical method, the method of civilizational and cultural analysis were applied, content analysis and event analysis of Churchill's Fulton speech were carried out, allowing to analyze the intentions and identify the true goals of the author and the hidden meaning of his speech, which affect the global political discourse.Results. It is argued that it is necessary to take into account historical analogies that make it possible to reveal the deep meaning of strategic planning of the policy of peace as opposed to the policy of war both in the Eurasian space and throughout the world.Conclusions. Judgments are formulated about the growing geopolitical tension between the collective West and the entire non-Western world in the networks of hybrid warfare.
The article defines the basic methodological principles of the project "greater Eurasia", involving the solution of the complex problems of the promotion of global security and sustainable world order in the "era of geopolitical tension" associated with the onset of "Globalization 2.0" at the initial stage of the sixth technological order, a revolutionary transition from "analog" to "digital era" at the beginning of the XXI century and the rethinking of anthropological values caused by the inclusion of the everyday life of modern human artificial intelligence — in the guise of an assistant, a controller of human behavior and actions, or a Chapek robot.
