Suchergebnisse

"Amazonia and Global Change synthesizes results of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) for scientists and students of Earth system science and global environmental change. LBA, led by Brazil, asks how Amazonia currently functions in the global climate and biogeochemical systems and how the functioning of Amazonia will respond to the combined pressures of climate and land use change, such as: wet season and dry season aerosol concentrations, and their effects on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis; increasing greenhouse gas concentration, deforestation, widespread biomass burning and changes in the Amazonian water cycle; drought effects and simulated drought through rainfall exclusion experiments; the net flux of carbon between Amazonia and the atmosphere; floodplains as an important regulator of the basin carbon balance including serving as a major source of methane to the troposphere; and the impact of the likely increased profitability of cattle ranching. This book will serve a broad community of scientists and policy makers interested in global change and environmental issues with high-quality scientific syntheses accessible to nonspecialists in a wide community of social scientists, ecologists, atmospheric chemists, climatologists, and hydrologists."--Publisher's description

Abstract
This essay examines Charles Brockden Brown's first novel, Wieland (1798), particularly as it engages and critiques gender and nationalism in the fictive treatment of familicidal murders that took place in the eighteenth century. More broadly, Brown's novel highlights the competing realities facing men and women in the early republic, as they navigated the shifting landscape of political and religious ideology in the turbulence of post-Revolutionary America. A close examination of Wieland offers a revealing glimpse into the tensions between patriarchy and femininity, republicanism and religion, and competing masculinities in the newly born republic that was limitlessly optimistic even as it was beset by national and familial violence.

AbstractThe labour market is fundamental for economic growth, which makes an in‐depth understanding of its dynamics crucial for development and poverty reduction. One determinant of labour market outcomes are remittances. Remittances can influence the decision of an individual whether to participate in the labour market or not, which makes it necessary to understand this relation. In this study we assessed the impact of remittances on the labour supply in the Comoros, the second largest recipient of remittances as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Africa, by using propensity score matching and national household surveys for 2014 and 2020 to estimate how remittances influenced the decision to participate in the labour market. Most of our results are statistically insignificant; that is, individuals receiving remittances were as likely to participate in the labour market as non‐receivers. Remittances did not influence the unemployment rate and the number of hours worked. On the other side, we found that the type of work was influenced overall by remittances with remittances receivers being more likely to engage in informal work, being more likely to be self‐employed and finally being less likely to engage in wage work. We further find some heterogeneity across the origin and the amount of received remittances. Foreign remittances can explain better the few significant results than domestic remittances and high remittances receivers influenced the labour participation rate, while low and medium remittances receivers explain better the impact of remittances on hours worked, self‐employment and wage work.

We investigate the causal effects of giant and first oil and mineral discoveries on the political fortunes of national leaders using a large dataset of 1255 leaders in 158 countries over the period 1950 to 2010 in single‐risk and multiple‐risk discrete time proportional hazard models. We find that mineral discoveries reduce risk for the incumbent in a single‐risk model especially in a non‐election year. In contrast, oil discoveries reduce risk disproportionately more in countries with weak political institutions. The effects appear to be induced by resource income rather than expectations. In a multiple‐risk model, oil discovery significantly reduces the risk of departure via military coup while resource discovery reduces the risk of resignation. Resource discovery does not seem to affect the risk of election loss. Non‐resource tax and military expenditure appear to be two potent mechanisms through which oil discovery affects political survival.

The dramatic increase in the number of radio stations in Germany over the past few years and the coincidental growth of competition have confronted German radio researchers with new challenges concerning contents and methodology. Increased competition has demanded a more precise measurement of the audience's needs and wishes. At the same time the growing complexity must be matched by a corresponding multivariate approach to data analysis. This study compares two methods of identification and delimitation of target audiences. The traditional approach utilizes sociodemographic characteristics—age, sex and education—to attain such a typology. This study proposes an alternative: an explorative segmentation of the audience using cluster analysis. The cluster analysis produces four types of listeners who are compared with regard to their listening behaviour, their loyalty to two popular Bavarian radio stations and sociodemographic attributes. The typology produced by this explorative approach appears to be superior for a sharp delimitation of specific target audiences. A series of path analyses is conducted to determine how perception of the quality of various aspects of radio programme content influences the evaluation of radio stations, and how these patterns vary among different listener types. The analyses show that quite diverse motivational structures seem to determine how different listener groups arrive at their evaluation of radio stations.