Suchergebnisse

Naître dans une famille jouissant d'un statut social élevé confère très tôt des privilèges tant à l'école que lors de l'obtention du premier emploi, et ces privilèges ont des effets permanents. De plus, cela confère d'autres avantages en cours de carrière. Je fais l'hypothèse que certains de ces avantages découlent de la richesse des parents et d'autres ressources économiques et que la plupart des avantages obtenus en cours de carrière proviennent de ces ressources, comme le soutiennent Bernard et Renaud. De tels effets devraient être d'une plus grande importance dans les sociétés moins développées et dans les sociétés où les ressources économiques sont distribuées plus inégalement. De nouveaux résultats provenant de recherches effectuées dans une société tribale pré-capitaliste, dans une société à prédominance paysanne très pauvre et dans des villes de neuf pays latino-américains situés à niveaux différents de développement viennent étayer cette théorie.

What citizens think about political leaders in their own nation & foreign leaders (Margaret Thatcher [GB], Ronald Reagan [US], Mikhail Gorbachev [Russia], & Deng Xiaoping [People's Republic of China]) & the effect these views have on how citizens vote are investigated with data from 1,528 respondents to the 1986/87 round of the Australian National Social Science Survey. It is found that Australian citizens view domestic leaders as figureheads for political parties & to a much lesser extent as national figureheads, exemplars of ideology, or exemplars of personal virtues. As exemplars, leaders have a modest but significant effect on how Australians vote. Foreign leaders are considered mainly figureheads & ideological exemplars for their nation, especially for nations similar to Australia, & generally are irrelevant to domestic voting, although there is a slight possibility that Thatcher's strong Conservative leadership in GB had an effect in Australia. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Although rejecting school busing has the objective consequence of perpetuating racial segregation & educational inequality, data from a large national sample (the National Opinion Research Center's 1972 General Social Survey) indicate that subjective motivations involved are not merely racism. Except among Coll graduates, opposition is not closely correlated with racism & is quite differently related to background, to SS, & to conservative views on other political & social issues. The widespread opposition to busing & the success of politicians opposed to it are not evidence either for a white backlash or for a reversal of the historic trend toward racial equality. In contrast to the position among the mass public, opposition is closely linked to racial prejudice among Coll graduates, an elite which largely defines the terms of public debate. On busing, the elite & the mass public are simply talking past one another. 4 Tables. AA.

This article brings new evidence to bear on two old questions and two new ones. (1) We analyse cross-sectional voting patterns in the five federal elections between 1977 and 1987. We find that the effects of class and party remain remarkably stable over this decade, which suggests that the much touted decline of class from World War II into the 1970s may have bottomed out by the 1980s. (2) We show that individual voting patterns are also remarkably stable, if anything more stable than in the 1960s; there is no sign of the increase in electoral volatility found in other English speaking countries. (3) We analyse changes over the last parliament, between the 1984 and 1987 elections. We find that changes in voters' views in this period are influenced mainly by changes in their opinion of the key political leaders, not by their class, ideology, or opinions on the issues of the day. Finally, (4) we investigate what would have happened if the opposition's leaders had been as popular as Labor's. Our estimates imply that the opposition would probably then have won the election. These analyses are based on new data from the National Social Science Survey's 1987 Panel Survey, a representative national sample of 1311 cases in all states and territories. (Internat. Pol. Science Assoc.)