Digital vulnerability: a new challenge in the age of super-convergent technologies
In: Bioethica Forum: Schweizer Zeitschrift für biomedizinische Ethik
ISSN: 1662-601X
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In: Bioethica Forum: Schweizer Zeitschrift für biomedizinische Ethik
ISSN: 1662-601X
In: Bioethica Forum: Schweizer Zeitschrift für biomedizinische Ethik
ISSN: 1662-601X
In: Review of social economy: the journal for the Association for Social Economics, Band 80, Heft 1, S. 1-6
ISSN: 1470-1162
In: Herzog , L , Kellmeyer , P & Wild , V 2022 , ' Digital behavioral technology, vulnerability and justice : towards an integrated approach ' , Review of Social Economy , vol. 80 , no. 1 , pp. 7-28 . https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2021.1943755 ; ISSN:0034-6764
The paper introduces the notion of 'digital behavioral technologies' and discusses them from the perspectives of vulnerability and justice, thereby integrating perspectives from bioethics or public health ethics and political philosophy. Digital behavioral technologies have seen a massive uptake in recent years, but the market for them is hardly regulated. We argue that understanding the impact of digital behavioral technologies requires understanding individuals not as abstract, atomized agents, but rather to take their embeddedness into social structures into account. This also allows extending the focus to groups, relationships and whole societies, which are often structurally unjust. This perspective provides a corrective to an overly individualistic consideration of digital behavioral technologies, which may suggest itself because of their focus on individual bodies. We point out some implications of this integrated approach with regard to the regulation of digital behavioral technologies. We conclude by describing some implications both for those who work on digital behavioral technologies and for those who work on questions of vulnerability and justice.
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In: Review of social economy: the journal for the Association for Social Economics, Band 80, Heft 1, S. 7-28
ISSN: 1470-1162
In: The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (CUP 2022, open access), 505 pp, available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898
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In: Ligthart , S , Meynen , G , Biller-Andorno , N , Kooijmans , T & Kellmeyer , P 2021 , ' Is virtually everything possible? The relevance of ethics and human rights for introducing extended reality in forensic psychiatry ' , AJOB Neuroscience . https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2021.1898489
Extended Reality (XR) systems, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), provide a digital simulation either of a complete environment, or of particular objects within the real world. Today, XR is used in a wide variety of settings, including gaming, design, engineering, and the military. In addition, XR has been introduced into psychology, cognitive sciences and biomedicine for both basic research as well as diagnosing or treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the context of XR, the simulated 'reality' can be controlled and people may safely learn to cope with their feelings and behavior. XR also enables to simulate environments that cannot easily be accessed or created otherwise. Therefore, extended Reality systems are thought to be a promising tool in the resocialization of criminal offenders, more specifically for purposes of risk assessment and treatment of forensic patients. Deploying XR in forensic settings raises ethical and legal intricacies which are not raised in case of most other healthcare applications. Whereas a variety of normative issues of XR have been discussed in the context of medicine and consumer usage, the debate on XR in forensic settings is, as yet, straggling. By discussing two general arguments in favor of employing XR in criminal justice, and two arguments calling for caution in this regard, the present paper aims to broaden the current ethical and legal debate on XR applications to their use in the resocialization of criminal offenders, mainly focusing on forensic patients.
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Neuroethics research and scholarship intersect with dynamic academic disciplines in science, engineering, and the humanities. On the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the formation of the International Neuroethics Society, we identify current and future topics for neuroethics and discuss the many social and political challenges that emerge from the converging dynamics of neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence. We also highlight the need for a global, transdisciplinary, and integrated community of researchers to address the challenges that are precipitated by this rapid sociotechnological transformation.
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