Suchergebnisse

Enthält: Perlo-Freeman, Sam; Ismail, Olawale; Solmirano, Carina: Military expenditure. - S. [177]-200 Perlo-Freeman, Sam ...: Military expenditure data, 2000-2009. - S. [201]-242 Kelly, Noel: The reporting of military expenditure data. - S. [243]-249

Enthält: Bauer, Sibylle; Mićić, Ivana: Controls on security-related international transfers. - S. [447]-466 Wezeman, Pieter D.; Kelly, Noel: Multilateral arms embargoes, 2009. - S. [467]-474

World military expenditure did not increase in 2011, for the first time since 1998. The world total for 2011 is estimated to have been $1738 billion, representing 2.5 per cent of global gross domestic product or $249 for each person. Compared with the total in 2010, military spending remained virtually unchanged in real terms. However, it is still too early to say whether this means that world military expenditure has finally peaked. The main cause of the halt in military spending growth was the economic policies adopted in most Western countries in the aftermath of the global financial and economic crisis that started in 2008. These policies prioritized the swift reduction of budget deficits that increased sharply following the crisis. Adapted from the source document.

With the exception of some promising progress in South America and in South Eastern Europe, in 2011 most developments in conventional arms control were discouraging as states were not willing to modify national positions in order to facilitate agreement, either globally or regionally. Three factors have contributed to the difficulty of developing conventional arms control. First, the huge and sustained investment that the USA has made in its military power has made it impossible to find solutions based on balance. Second, technological developments have blurred the picture of which capabilities will confer military power now and in the future. Third, the lack of agreed rules about the use of force -- which may be for ostensibly constructive purposes and not only a defensive response to aggression -- makes countries reluctant to give up military capabilities even if there is a humanitarian argument in favour of restraint. Adapted from the source document.