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For decades, law enforcement officers, government officials, and the medical community have continued debating the controversy over the legalization of marijuana. The never-ending argument of the severity of the "Schedule 1 drug" and its ill-effects on drug users are at the heart of discussions as they pertain to the legal community. Marijuana and its distribution raise several complex health, social, and legal issues in the United States. While many disagree with the legality and morality of its legalization, others fight for the right to sell and use it for medicinal purposes. The debate is ongoing. As stated in Variability in Medical Marijuana Laws, "Use of marijuana has been linked to negative health effects, but the evidence varies as function of age of user, whether use is occasional or heavy, and health domain, and is largely correlational in nature" (as cited in Betrashniy, 2015, p. 639). It is this along with other strong links that strengthen the argument against the legalization of marijuana. In contrast, some studies have shown results that the benefits of using marijuana for medicinal reasons far outweigh the negative health matters that may be associated with its use (Pew Research Center, 2013), and therefore should be an accepted method of treatment for some patients who are suffering with illnesses. Marijuana-using individuals suffering from chronic pain a variety of chronic illnesses (seizure disorders, cancer, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, AIDS wasting syndrome) all have shown improvement in their conditions when standard treatments did not (Betrashniy, 2015).

Abstract:During the later years of the Great Depression, birth control advocates in the Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA) developed a program to distribute birth control among California's migrant workers. In order to reach the migrants, these advocates reached out to the Farm Security Administration (FSA), a New Deal agency that was establishing its own programs to "rehabilitate" migrant families. Though the top levels of the FSA were wary of becoming publicly involved with the birth control movement, they lent their tacit support to the program. The resulting "semiofficial" program to bring birth control to California's poor relied heavily on the support of local administrators and professionals. This article examines the on-the-ground operations of this project; in doing so, it challenges the traditional top-down narrative of the New Deal and explores how the forging of alliances at the local level reshaped the political landscape.

This thesis project addressed the effectiveness of integrating ecological restoration into traditional mechanical and chemical methods of invasive species control. Spotted knapweed, an abundant invasive plant species at Camp Ripley Military Training Site, is capable of prolific reproduction, and therefore, causes great ecological distress to the native community it invades. The purpose of this research was to determine if spotted knapweed can be controlled by re-introducing native prairie grasses to the disturbed sites at Camp Ripley, and ideally, apply these findings to the methods of invasive species control in native prairies across central Minnesota. Furthermore, the sequence of the application of selective, broadleaf herbicide (Milestone) and native grass seeding was varied in order to determine the sequence of treatments most likely to decrease the density of spotted knapweed, increase the density of target native grass species, and decrease the percentage of bare soil visible. Three research plots were used in the experiment: two of which received the native grass seeding in conjunction with the selective, broadleaf herbicide in varied order, one of which received only broadleaf herbicide. Data analysis, at the conclusion of the experiment in October 2016, showed that ecological restoration as an integrated method of control did not effect the spotted knapweed density, nor did the varied sequence of treatment applications. The broadleaf herbicide, Milestone, was solely responsible for the decrease in spotted knapweed density. A negative consequence of using Milestone was a decrease in species richness, including a negligible amount of target native grass species and increase in nonnative grasses and forbs. Finally, bare soil visible was not decreased in the experimental plots receiving both native grass seed and herbicide application. A supplemental greenhouse experiment was conducted January through March 2017 in order to determine if Milestone was responsible for lack of native grass growth at the end of the field experiment. Similar experimental methods were used, with the addition of an experimental group that lengthened the amount of time between herbicide and grass seed application to four weeks. Data analysis after ten weeks of growth showed that Milestone negatively affected native grass seedlings, regardless of treatment sequence or length of time between applications. Due to the nature of native prairie restoration, it is recommended that the site continue to be monitored over subsequent years for potential target grass population growth. Also, further research is recommended to determine a more appropriate chemical to integrate into a restorative method of control. Ecologists and land managers play a critical, cooperative role in determining control methods that allow native prairies to remain healthy and intact in order to resist invasive species known to degrade them.

AbstractWartime deployment involves prolonged separation and creates uncertainty, fear, and disorganization in families (M. J. Peebles‐Kleiger & J. H. Kleiger, 1994). This study examined how military wives/fiancées reported coping with the demands they associated with spousal deployment. Twenty‐six in‐depth interviews were conducted with wives and fiancées whose partners were currently deployed. Through qualitative analysis, 2 main coping themes emerged: (a) maintaining a mediated interpersonal connection and (b) choosing open versus restricted communication. Further analyses revealed that the former theme promoted 2 relationship functions (e.g., intimacy and positivity, confronting realities and fears) and the latter 4 functions (e.g., closeness, smooth reunion, outlet, and protection). On the basis of these coping strategies and functions, a conceptual framework for understanding relational coping communication patterns is proposed. Themes, practical applications, and theoretical implications are discussed.

The Military Tactical Network (MTN) system is an automated satellite communications system designed to provide a near term tactical intelligence dissemination capability to deployed forces. The system was initially developed to address the pressing need for the timely delivery of intelligence information. The primary customers of the MTN system are the Office of the Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) and the intelligence community. The user community will include members of these two organizations as well as military personnel. The MTN system was used during a recent military demonstration and it was determined that the MTN Gateway Interface, the mechanism available to users for injecting messages for delivery into the system and for performing additional administrative functions, needs to be redesigned prior to the system achieving Initial Operating Capability (IOC). The system currently uses a cryptic, menu-driven interface with an all ASCII representation. This project and report addresses the need for an improved Gateway Interface for the MTN System The systems engineering approach is followed in presenting the conceptual and preliminary design of the MTN Gateway Interface. The development of the improved interface will enhance the capabilities and usability of the MTN system. ; Master of Science

Have you ever wondered why Bernie Madoff thought he could brazenly steal his clients' money? Or why investors were so easily duped by Elizabeth Holmes? Or how courageous people like Jeffrey Wigand are willing to become whistleblowers and put their careers on the line? Fraud is everywhere-from Nigerian "princes," embezzlers, and Ponzi schemers to corporate giants like Enron and Volkswagen. And fraud is costly. Each year, consumers, small businesses, governments, and corporations lose trillions of dollars. We've become so accustomed to hearing about fraud, we accept it as part of the world we live in today-so much so, that our abilities to identify it and speak about it are limited. No more. In Fool Me Once, renowned expert Kelly Richmond Pope shows fraud in action, uncovering what makes perps tick, victims so gullible, and whistleblowers so morally righteous, while also encouraging us to look at our own behaviors and motivations in the hopes of protecting ourselves and our companies. By the time you finish this book, you'll have a better understanding of-and perhaps more compassion for-perpetrators; a renewed connection to victims; and an appreciation for those who blow the whistle

Purpose We examined joint associations of diabetes and physical activity (PA) with falls. Design Complex survey (cross-sectional) design using the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Response rate was 53% (landline phones) and 46% (cellular phones)). Setting National survey in the U.S. Subjects Adults ≥45 years who self-reported diabetes status, PA, and falls ( n = 295,282; 98.5% of eligible samples; N = 130,103,093) were classified into 4 groups: no diabetes–PA, no diabetes–no PA, diabetes–PA, diabetes–no PA. Measures Self-reported PA, diabetes, falls, and major health characteristics. Analysis Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association of groups with any (≥1 fall) falls. Results Compared to no diabetes–active groups, no diabetes–inactive (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26), diabetes–active (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.30), and diabetes–inactive (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.51) groups were more likely to report falls, independent of tested covariates. Conclusions Leisure-time PA may mitigate the likelihood of falls in adults with and without diabetes. Our findings could be useful for healthcare providers or clinicians to promote the importance of PA in midlife and older adults who are at risk of falls and/or diabetes. More detailed longitudinal information on objectively-estimated PA and a more frequent fall calendar are warranted to prevent recall bias and temporal ambiguity (causality between PA and falls).

A major terrorism event has several important consequences for officials involved in the investigation and prosecution of terrorist activities. Such events are likely to bring increased scrutiny by both public policy officials and the media. The article uses data from the American Terrorism Study to compare the period before and after two of the most dramatic terrorist events on U.S. soil: the Oklahoma City bombing and the 9/11 attacks. The results suggest that whether intentional or not, major terrorism events result in the government's pursuing cases that are generally less serious and less complicated, and those cases are treated much more like "traditional" crimes by the prosecution. Following the aftermath of a major event, terrorist defendants are more likely to behave like traditional offenders and are less likely to be convicted as a result of a trial than are terrorists who are indicted before major events. ; Yes ; https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guidelines