Suchergebnisse

A new examination of the surprising origins of human goodness

Macht haben, Mensch bleiben. Es sind nicht die Ellenbogen, es ist unser Gemeinsinn, der uns Macht verleiht. Doch sobald wir Macht haben und ihren Verführungen erliegen, geht uns die soziale Kompetenz schnell wieder verloren. Wir alle sind Opfer dieses Macht-Paradoxes, sagt der renommierte Psychologe Dacher Keltner. In seinem neuen Buch zeigt er, dass Macht und auch Machtmissbrauch in jedem Winkel unseres sozialen Lebens vorkommen: -- In der Arbeitswelt, in der Familie, innerhalb von Freundschaften und gesellschaftlichen Gruppen. -- Macht bestimmt das Leben aller Menschen. Und erst wenn wir einen Blick durch die Brille der Macht werfen, lässt sich dieses Paradox auflösen. Damit die Guten nicht nur an die Macht kommen, sondern empathisch bleiben und sie behalten. Keltners Buch ist eine revolutionäre neue positive Psychologie der Macht. Einer der bedeutendsten Psychologen Amerikas inspiriert uns dazu, auf eine neue Weise über Macht nachzudenken. Sein Buch hilft uns, uns selbst zu verstehen.

Abstract
One chapter in the science of emotion has focused, largely through an individualist lens, on just a few emotions: the Ekman Six. Considerable debate has occurred and entrenched positions have ensued. In this essay we offer evidence and argument revealing that there are not only six emotions, nor states measured as valence and arousal, but upwards of 20 discrete emotions that contribute to our subjective and social lives. These emotions enable the rich fabric of relationships, from caregiving interactions to collective activities, that are vital to cooperation. Grounded in advances in cultural evolution, we detail how emotions and culture co-evolved, highlighting how emotions are building blocks of cultural forms such as ceremonies, dance, narratives, music, and visual art.

There is a tendency for opposing partisans to ideological disputes to imagine that their opponents are extremist, biased, and in diametric opposition to themselves. The current investigation examined the role of these imagined ideological differences in face‐to‐face negotiations. Experiment 1 examined the problems that develop when negotiators attend to irrelevant ideological differences. Dyads who were made aware of political differences, even imagined ones (i.e., their political views were actually similar), required more time to allocate hypothetical funds and perceived their partner less favorably than did dyads who were unaware of their political differences. Experiments 2 and 3 tested the hypothesis that ideological opponents who acquire accurate information about their counterpart's beliefs (thus reducing the effects of imagined ideological differences) will have more successful negotiations. Opposing partisans to abortion (Experiment 2) and the death penalty (Experiment 3) reached more comprehensive, integrative agreements and perceived each other more favorably when they disclosed their own views to each other before negotiating. The relevance of these findings to other mediation techniques and real world conflicts was discussed.

An invitation to social psychology -- The methods of social psychology -- The social self -- Social cognition: thinking about people and situations -- Social attribution: explaining behavior -- Emotion -- Attitudes, behavior, and rationalization -- Persuasion -- Social influence -- Relationships and attraction -- Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination -- Groups -- Aggression -- Altruism and cooperation -- Glossary -- References -- Credits -- Name index -- Subject index

The Gratitude Project explores gratitude's deep roots in human psychology--how it evolved and how it affects our brain--as well as the transformative impact it has on creating a meaningful life and a better world. This book is the result of a multiyear collaboration between the Greater Good Science Center and Robert Emmons of the University of California, Davis, with essays based on new research and written by renowned positive psychologists and public figures.

"The Gratitude Project explores gratitude's deep roots in human psychology-how it evolved and how it affects our brain-as well as the transformative impact it has on creating a meaningful life and a better world. This book is the result of a multiyear collaboration between the Greater Good Science Center and Robert Emmons of the University of California, Davis, with essays based on new research and written by renowned positive psychologists and public figures"--

What qualities make a political leader more influential or less influential? Philosophers, political scientists, and psychologists have puzzled over this question, positing two opposing routes to political power--one driven by human virtues, such as courage and wisdom, and the other driven by vices, such as Machiavellianism and psychopathy. By coding nonverbal behaviors displayed in political speeches, we assessed the virtues and vices of 151 U.S. senators. We found that virtuous senators became more influential after they assumed leadership roles, whereas senators who displayed behaviors consistent with vices--particularly psychopathy--became no more influential or even less influential after they assumed leadership roles. Our results inform a long-standing debate about the role of morality and ethics in leadership and have important implications for electing effective government officials. Citizens would be wise to consider a candidate's virtue in casting their votes, which might increase the likelihood that elected officials will have genuine concern for their constituents and simultaneously promote cooperation and progress in government.

This research draws on ideas about emotion-related appraisal tendencies to generate and test novel propositions about intergroup emotions. First, emotion elicited by outgroup category activation can be transferred to an unrelated stimulus (incidental emotion effects). Second, people predisposed toward an emotion are more prejudiced toward groups that are likely to be associated with that emotion. Discussion focuses on the implications of the studies for a more complete understanding of the nature of prejudice, and specifically, the different qualities of prejudice for different target groups.