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This paper places the rural Ladino family in; Honduras in ethnographic perspective. It discusses Gudeman's analysis of rural Panamenian life (1969) and applies the arguments presented there to materials collected in rural Honduras. Although Gudeman rejects the preeminent role of kinship in his study this paper demonstrates that kinship, defined as a system of consanguineal ties, is the major morphological component of rural domestic organization. To validate this argument first a componential analysis of Ladino kinship is presented. To demonstrate the impact of kinship on other institutions and to isolate the consanguineal basis of kinship, ritual kinship is discussed. Finally, to demonstrate the importance of extra-residential kin ties, the paper discusses adoption and fosterage.

Background:African American (AA) teens endure disproportionately high rates of adolescent dating abuse (ADA). There is a limited understanding of the community–specific pathways that contribute to AA youth's higher risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate AA youths' perspectives on the antecedents of ADA.Methods:Data were collected from interviews ( n = 38) with AA teens. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify primary themes across the interviews. Analysis involved multiple rounds of iterative coding and the clustering of thematic constructs.Results:Interview participants described individual–level and intergenerational explanations of ADA. The majority of participants could not identify community–level factors.Discussion and Implications:Dating abuse perpetration and victimization were positioned as the product of personal deficits and exposure to abuse in individuals' family environments. These findings underscore how structural and systemic determinants of dating abuse have not been translated to youth's meaning–making processes regarding abuse. Implications for diversifying the public discourse on dating abuse will be discussed, and consciousness–raising on the influence of upstream determinants of abuse will be presented.

The magnitude and characteristics of sexual violence in two urban areas of Lesotho are described based on a random household survey of 939 sexually active women aged 18–35. Sexual violence is defined as nonconsensual sex ranging from the use of threats and intimidation to unwanted touching and forced sex. Twenty‐five percent of women surveyed reported ever being physically forced to have sex; 13 percent reported that forced sex was attempted; 31 percent said that they were touched against their will; and 11 percent reported being forced to touch a man's genitals. Boyfriends were the most common perpetrators of actual and attempted forced sex (66 percent and 44 percent, respectively); known community members were the most common perpetrators of touching the respondent against her will (52 percent). Currently married women and those with more education were less likely than others to report that sex was forced upon them by an intimate partner or by another type of perpetrator. Women living in areas where a program raising awareness about sexual violence was ongoing were more likely to report a history of sexual violence. Given the high prevalence of HIV in Lesotho, programs should address women's right to control their sexuality.

Chronic Conditions, Fluid States explores the uneven impact of chronic illness and disability on individuals, families, and communities in diverse local and global settings. To date, much of the social as well as biomedical research has treated the experience of illness and the challenges of disease control and management as segmented and episodic. Breaking new ground in medical anthropology by challenging the chronic/acute divide in illness and disease, the editors, along with a group of rising scholars and some of the most influential minds in the field, address the concept of chronicity, an idea used to explain individual and local life-worlds, question public health discourse, and consider the relationship between health and the globalizing forces that shape it

Background: There are few studies on HIV subtypes and primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance (ADR) in community-recruited samples in Brazil. We analyzed HIV clade diversity and prevalence of mutations associated with ADR in men who have sex with men in all five regions of Brazil.Methods: Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 3515 men who have sex with men in nine cities: 299 (9.5%) were HIV-positive; 143 subjects had adequate genotyping and epidemiologic data. Forty-four (30.8%) subjects were antiretroviral therapy-experienced (AE) and 99 (69.2%) antiretroviral therapy-naive (AN). We sequenced the reverse transcriptase and protease regions of the virus and analyzed them for drug resistant mutations using World Health Organization guidelines.Results: the most common subtypes were B (81.8%), C (7.7%), and recombinant forms (6.9%). the overall prevalence of primary ADR resistance was 21.4% (i.e. among the AN) and secondary ADR was 35.8% (i.e. among the AE). the prevalence of resistance to protease inhibitors was 3.9% (AN) and 4.4% (AE); to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 15.0% (AN) and 31.0% (AE) and to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 5.5% (AN) and 13.2% (AE). the most common resistance mutation for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was 184V (17 cases) and for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 103N (16 cases).Conclusions: Our data suggest a high level of both primary and secondary ADR in men who have sex with men in Brazil. Additional studies are needed to identify the correlates and causes of antiretroviral therapy resistance to limit the development of resistance among those in care and the transmission of resistant strains in the wider epidemic. ; Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through Brazilian Government ; Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-UNODC ; Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Ministry of Health ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Saude Comunitaria, BR-60430971 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA ; Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ; Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Saude Colet, BR-41170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil ; Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Univ Brasilia, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil ; Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ; Univ São Paulo, LIM 03, São Paulo, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through Brazilian Government: AD/BRA/03/H34 ; Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-UNODC: AD/BRA/03/H34 ; Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Ministry of Health: CSV 234/07 ; FAPESP: 2004/15856-9 ; CAPES: BEX 3495/06-0 ; Web of Science