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This paper uses changes in smoking behavior as an example of a highly successful dissemination effort. It analyzes the nature of changes that have occurred and the dissemination activities that contributed to those changes and then tries to draw out implications for educational disseminators. It argues that educational disseminators spend too much time disseminating techniques and not enough time disseminating ideas.

Much of the day-to-day work of evaluators and policy analysts consists not of conducting large discrete studies but rather of conducting iterative ad hoc analyses of existing data bases. One such analysis, described here, used a variety of different data bases to estimate probable teacher shortages m math and science. Because all of these data-files on emergency certificates, records of new graduates from colleges ofeducation, and statistics on teacher vacancies-were gathered originally for other purposes, each data source required some analytic adjustments. This article describes the full set of compromises needed in order to use the data and the conclusions eventually drawn from the full array of data.

This Recent Development compares Buffalo Broadcasting with other blanket licensing decisions and predicts the reversal of Buffalo Broadcasting on appeal. Part II of this Recent Development discusses the organization and operation of the performing rights societies. Part III focuses on the pertinent antitrust principles and the history of antitrust litigation between the performing rights societies and various licensees. Part IV examines recent decisions addressing blanket licenses in which courts have used similar analyses yet reached differing results. Part V analyzes possible solutions to the conflict between antitrust and copyright laws in the blanket licensing context and concludes that resolution of this conflict will necessitate exempting the performing rights organizations from antitrust sanctions and placing them under a system of governmental or judicial control.

This article describes the process by which policymakers and program managers encorporate new research or evaluation findings into their larger stores ofknowledge. The encorporation process can lead to conclusions that differ substantially from those embedded in the original findings.

In-house evaluators must develop evaluation procedures that accommodate not only their own professional standards, but also the problem-solving styles of the organizations they serve. This article describes how a small sample of evaluators have adapted their methods to their contexts.

Although studies of single cases occur throughout research fields, they are only recently beginning to appear in evaluation. These studies are difficult to generalize from, because statistical techniques do not apply. This article offers a variety of suggestions for logically analyzing the relationship between a single case and a population so that reasonable generalizations may be possible. Methodologies used by clinicians and by court justices are also examined for their relevance to evaluation methodology.

AbstractThe planning process used for developing an evaluation plan can clarify the questions to be asked, suggest the appropriate methodologies to use, and increase the value and use of the evaluation findings.

Abstract
Research has demonstrated conclusively that the experience of adversities in childhood increases the risks for poor outcomes in the domains of physical and mental health and economic and social circumstances across the life course. This has produced a wave of interest in the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences internationally, with developments in policy across the UK nations reflective of this. The translation of such research and policy development has witnessed the growing dominance of the 'toxic stress model' as underpinning the early signalling of troubles in children. Such signals are further conceptualised as the presence of 'trauma'. It is upon these conceptual pillars that therapeutically orientated services are being built. In this article, we describe these developments, offering as they do, challenges to short-term interventions as well as providing opportunities for social workers to appropriate the developing knowledge base so as to inform more effective ways of working.

Since 2014, the Coastal and Ocean Information Network Atlantic (COINAtlantic) in collaboration with the Canadian node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and other academic, government and non-governmental organizations in Atlantic Canada have been rescuing species occurrence data in primary and grey literature and processing it to standards for publication through OBIS. The project has been funded in part by the Atlantic Ecosystem Initiative of Environment and Climate Change Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The project was awarded Honourable Mention in the 2016 International Data Rescue Award in the Geosciences by Elsevier and the Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance. COINAtlantic and OBIS share common goals of promoting and facilitating free and open access to data required for coastal and ocean management. The sharing of data and integration of datasets requires adoption of standards and use of common vocabularies. Manuals, guidelines, and cookbooks can facilitate the process. One of the deliverables of the data rescue project was the release of the first version of "Guidelines for marine species occurrence data rescue – The OBIS Canada Cookbook" in April 2017. This document includes ten recipes ranging from initial identification of sources of data to final project wrap up and lessons learned. A second deliverable was the development of a curriculum for training sessions of custodians of marine species occurrence data. Training is required at all levels in our community. Not only should data be accessible for reuse but also training information and lecture material. This course curriculum, based on the OBIS Canada Cookbook, reused some content already on-line and was tested in a workshop at the 2017 conference of the Atlantic Canada Coastal and Estuarine Research Society. (see Fig. 1). Our curriculum, as presently designed, is an intensive single day, hands on course with a focus on graduate students and early career researchers. The course has nine (9) modules which address the ...

Since 2014, the Coastal and Ocean Information Network Atlantic (COINAtlantic) in collaboration with the Canadian node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and other academic, government and non-governmental organizations in Atlantic Canada have been rescuing species occurrence data in primary and grey literature and processing it to standards for publication through OBIS. The project has been funded in part by the Atlantic Ecosystem Initiative of Environment and Climate Change Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The project was awarded Honourable Mention in the 2016 International Data Rescue Award in the Geosciences by Elsevier and the Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance. COINAtlantic and OBIS share common goals of promoting and facilitating free and open access to data required for coastal and ocean management. The sharing of data and integration of datasets requires adoption of standards and use of common vocabularies. Manuals, guidelines, and cookbooks can facilitate the process. One of the deliverables of the data rescue project was the release of the first version of "Guidelines for marine species occurrence data rescue – The OBIS Canada Cookbook" in April 2017. This document includes ten recipes ranging from initial identification of sources of data to final project wrap up and lessons learned. A second deliverable was the development of a curriculum for training sessions of custodians of marine species occurrence data. Training is required at all levels in our community. Not only should data be accessible for reuse but also training information and lecture material. This course curriculum, based on the OBIS Canada Cookbook, reused some content already on-line and was tested in a workshop at the 2017 conference of the Atlantic Canada Coastal and Estuarine Research Society. (see Fig. 1). Our curriculum, as presently designed, is an intensive single day, hands on course with a focus on graduate students and early career researchers. The course has nine (9) modules which address the following topics: why we share research data including a general description of and the need for data policies and data management plans and data repositories; an introduction to OBIS and the standards used by OBIS; how to map data sets to Darwin Core terms and how to clean and reformat the data; how to standardize species lists; how to georeference observations and use of gazetteers to standardize location place names; and how to compose standardized discovery metadata. The last module is devoted to the processing of participants' data sets under the guidance of the instructor. Future activities will include promotion of the use of the cookbook and revision of the recipes according to users' feedback. The curriculum will be tested again with a new set of participants on an opportunistic basis and modified according to participants' comments. A staged and edited video of the course is under consideration - the objective is to provide on-line training material. These products will augment the growing number of lesson plans and lecture material made accessible by the OBIS/GBIF community. The resources need to be promoted and reuse encouraged.