Suchergebnisse

AbstractEvidence from evaluation of low‐income housing assistance programs in this country indicates that: those which use existing housing are less expensive than those which require new housing construction, but existing housing programs do not reach people in the worst housing. Program effects are relatively small, except for people who are induced to change their housing, and the effect for others is primarily to reduce their rent burden.

Stephen J. Kennedy wrote this letter to Peter V. Karpovich on August 26, 1957. In the letter, Kennedy writes that he has shared with H. Bradley a copy of Karpovich's report titled "Physiological and Kinesiological Methods for Testing Footgear." After this brief introduction, the remaining space contains an excerpt of H. Bradley's reply (dated six days earlier), which references Karpovich's study. The excerpt primarily summarizes a Japanese study about physiology and footwear. ; Stephen J. Kennedy graduated from the University of Illinois with a BA in 1926. He attended Columbia University, where he received his MA (1931) and Ph.D. (1936). Kennedy served as the Director of Research, Textile, Clothing, and Footwear Division at the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command in Natick, Massachusetts. In addition, he was a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Economic Association. He published a book titled "Profits and Losses in Textiles" in 1936. Peter V. Karpovich (1896-1975) was born in Russia and trained as a medical doctor at the State Military Academy of Medicine in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), Russia in 1919. Under increasing political and professional turmoil, he fled to Latvia in 1922. In Latvia, Karpovich worked at the Riga YMCA. In 1925, he traveled to the United States to research at Springfield College. While there, he enrolled as a special advanced student and earned a master's degree in physical education. In 1927, while completing his studies, he became a professor of physiology at the college. In the late 1940s, he met and married his second wife, Josephine Rathbone, an acclaimed scholar of physical education and relaxation. From 1961 to 1969, he served as the director of the physiology research laboratory at Springfield College, where he published several seminal books. Karpovich was a founding member of the American College of Sports Medicine and a consultant to many government, private, and educational organizations. He remains an internationally recognized pioneer in physical education.

Liberia is a tropical country located south of the Sahara Desert in coastal West Africa. It lies at 6 °30' North Latitude and 9° 30' West Longitude and is bordered by Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone and the Atlantic Ocean. Liberia has three distinct topographical areas: 1) coastal plain, creeks, lagoons and mangrove swamps; 2) rolling, forested hills with elevations up to 500 feet that cover most of the country; and 3) low mountains and plateaus in the Northern highlands with elevations reaching 4,748 feet (Nimba Mountains). Liberia is home to approximately four million people and is roughly the size of the US state of Tennessee. Named after former US President James Monroe, Liberia's capital Monrovia is a coastal city with a population of one million (1). There are two major seasons in Liberia: dry and rainy. The dry season occurs between December and March, and is is characterized by warm days and cool nights, with risk of sand storms from the Sahara Desert (2). The rainy season occurs between mid-April and mid-November. The average annual rainfall is 200 inches on the coast and decreases to 80 inches in areas farthest inland, and the average temperature is 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit) (1). Liberia is a low-income country that relies heavily on foreign aid (3). Liberia is the seventh poorest nation in the world, ranking 31st among 46 sub-Sarahan African countries in national income. In 2013, Liberia's per capita GDP was $900 US (3). Liberia's economy depends heavily on natural resources, with mining and agriculture being the dominant industries. Iron exportation has grown and in 2013 overcame rubber as Liberia's top export. According to the 2013 Central Bank of Liberia (CBL) Annual Report, iron ore and rubber represent 82% of Liberia's total exports (4). Civil war destroyed much of Liberia's economy, including critical infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Although conditions are favorable for agriculture, Liberia does not produce nearly enough food to meet the demands of its population. The country imports large quantities of food, with rice alone accounting for 10% of its overall imports (5).