Suchergebnisse

Background: Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS) remains themostcommonmalignancyamongHIV-infected patients. Humanherpesvirus type- 8 (HHV-8) is regarded as the infectious etiological agent of Kaposi�s sarcoma (KSHV). Diagnostic procedures associated with KSHV are not routinely performed in HIV-infected subjects. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to obtain information on KSHV epidemiology in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Patients and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 109 patients with established HIV infection, who visited a governmental and referral center for HIV screening in Tehran (Tehran west health center (TWHC)) between May 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled according to the convenience sample strategy. After peripheral blood collection, isolation of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments, DNA extraction was performed. KSHV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using primers from ORF-26 (virus minor capsid). Results: Among all 109 HIV-infected patients, 67 (61.5) were male, with an age range of 2 - 64 years (mean±standard deviation 35.8 ±13.3). KSHV DNA was found in PBMC and plasma samples of six (5.5) and four (3.6) patients, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed a considerable prevalence of KSHV DNA, during latent and lytic phases, among HIV-infected patients. Risk factors for KSHV infection acquisition and concurrent. 0+infection with HIV were also evaluated. Diagnosis of KSHV in the group could be helpful for prognosis of Kaposi�s sarcoma and clinical management. © 2016, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.

Background: Military populations are more prone to respiratory infections worldwide. There is a dearth of research about the role of viral pathogens in the etiology of respiratory infections in military trainees in Iran. Hence, we aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clinical symptoms of respiratory viruses among this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 military trainees with symptoms of respiratory infection, referred to the military medical clinic center in the basic military training camp of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Nucleic acid extraction from the throat or nasopharyngeal swab samples was performed by an automated extraction system. The extracts were then analyzed by the CLART® PneumoVir array system for the detection of respiratory viruses. Results: All military trainees were male, aged between 18 and 57 years (mean: 21.69 years). Sore throat (75.5), rhinorrhea (63.2), cough (59.2), fever (59.2), and nasal congestion (50.5) were amongst the most common symptoms. Overall, viral pathogens were detected in a total count of 124 (31). The most commonly detected viruses were rhinovirus (7.2), respiratory syncytial virus A (7.2) and influenza B virus (6). Conclusion: This study was an important first step for understanding the etiological role of viral pathogens in respiratory infection among military trainees population in Iran. Our results indicated that rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A and influenza B virus are important viral pathogens causing respiratory infection in military trainees, respectively. However, further multi-center studies with larger sample size are strongly recommended to confirm our findings. © Iran University of Medical Sciences.

Background and Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. Therefore, this study was set out to determine the molecular epidemiology, genotype and phylogenetic features of RSVs in patients with respiratory infection as a case study. Materials and Methods: In this study, military barracks of Tehran, Iran, between January to March 2017 exposed to respiratory diseases were used for sampling. Throat swabs were taken, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed to identify RSV and then the genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of RSVs in patients with a respiratory infection. Results: Among 400 Iranian military trainees with respiratory symptoms, RSV infection was identified in 2.75 (11/400) using RT-PCR. Sequencing showed the incidence of type A (2.5, n=10) to be much higher than type B (0.25, n=1); Sore throat was the most common symptom among RSV patients. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of strains from the studied samples were more consistent with those from the Philippines and the US strains. Conclusion: This study is the first to document RSV as a major cause of acute respiratory illness among military trainees in Iran. The prevalence of RSV is substantial in the cold season and the prevalence of genotype A is dominant in the country, leading to take essential steps in preparing a preventive vaccine against this viral infection. © 2020, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

BackgroundDrug‐resistant (DR) HIV emerges during antiretroviral treatment (ART), creating concern about widespread transmission of DR‐HIV as ART is expanded in resource‐limited countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant HIV‐1 subtypes and prevalence of drug‐resistance mutations among antiretroviral‐naïve patients in Iran.Design and methodsFor this HIV DR threshold surveillance study, blood samples were collected from 50 antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected patients. Antiretroviral‐resistant mutations were determined by sequencing HIV‐1 protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (INT) regions. The HIV‐1 subtype of each sample was determined by sequencing the p17 and C2‐V5 regions of the gag and env genes, respectively.ResultsThe PR, RT and INT regions were successfully sequenced in 47 samples (94.0%). Phylogenetic analyses of these regions revealed that 45 (95.7%) cases were CRF35_AD. The remaining two cases were subtype B (2.1%) and CRF01_AE (2.1%). Consistent results were obtained also by Env and Gag sequences. Regarding prevalence of transmitted drug‐resistant viruses, two cases were found to harbor RT‐inhibitor mutations. In addition, nine amino acid differences compared to that of HXB2 were found in protease region as compared to that of HXB2, though none matched with the mutations shown in the WHO list for surveillance of transmitted mutations. No drug‐resistant mutations were found in the INT region.ConclusionOur study clarified that CRF35_AD is the major HIV‐1 subtype among Iranian HIV‐1‐infected patients. According to the WHO surveillance algorithm, the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in Iran was estimated as moderate (5–15%).