Suchergebnisse

An increasingly urbanizing world has made building regulation central to the organized development of cities world-wide. It is noted that half of the world's population is now living in cities. The world urban population is expected to increase by 84% by 2050, from 3.4 billion in 2009 to 6.3 billion and will happen in developing countries. Also projected in the next 20 years, over 95% of this population growth will occur in urban areas. Kano is among the fast urbanizing cities in the West African sub region. This paper focuses on the implication of building regulation contravention in Kano metropolis and its impact on the sustainability in mixed land-use areas. It identifies and documents the key drivers of contravention. The findings are expected to create the platform for developing a conceptual framework that might improve compliance to sustainable development regulation regime in Kano metropolis. The significance of the findings is expected to form the foundation towards development compliance procedures for a more sustainable urbanization process in the sub-region. Like Kano, Cities play vital role globally and nationally, as economic, social, cultural and political centers. To successfully achieve this, urbanization should sustainably be driven. Data was collected through Visual survey, interview and questionnaires and subjected to descriptive analysis. Preliminary findings indicate negative perception of current building approval and enforcement procedures in Kano.Keywords: Building Regulations, Contraventions, Sustainable Development, Compliance Procedures and Enforcement

This study addresses the reasons for women's absence from various ranks ofdecision-making in the private and public sectors, and examines possibilities forovercoming the main impediments which affect women's employment and progress in reaching centers of power and leadership. My attempt to address this important issue relies upon field studies prepared by the Bahraini Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in 1983. In addition, this study also relies upon personal investigations concerning the status of women workers in private corporations in order to inquire about the problems which confront and hinder them. I also surveyed some comprehensive field studies undertaken by a bank in northern Canada on the status of women professionals in that bank and the impediments which hindered their rise to leadership positions. In this, we can easily note considerable similarities between the problems which confront Bahraini, Arab and foreign women alike in the corporate world.

In recent years, many governments have turned to digital as a phenomenon that allows them to provide digital services to users, facilitating access to information and simplifying administrative procedures in order to bring the citizen closer to the public administration In order to appreciate the benefits of digital transformation, it is necessary to implement a strategy to support administrations in their digitalization process. This is why governments have adopted action plans and created monitoring bodies for the digital transformation strategy in order to better manage this revolutionary change in the public sector. This paper aims to synthesize the systematic literature review of the phenomenon of digital transformation and e-government, to analyze the factors influencing this transformation and to identify the obstacles that may arise during the process of digitalization, thus preventing organizations from appreciating the effectiveness and efficiency of this transformation. The research carried out shows that there are several prerequisites and determinants for the success of the digital transformation of the administration (trust, awareness, adoption, agility.). The digital transformation of public administrations would indeed allow the state to integrate the citizen as an actor influencing the reorientation of the vocation of governments, the focus on the satisfaction of the user of public services helps the administrations to customize the digital services provided according to the needs identified among users. Finally, the digitalization strategy adopted must take into account the country's context (legal, infrastructure, organizational, etc.) in order to adopt the appropriate organizational strategy for the success of the digitalization project and the creation of public value. JEL Classification : O32; O38 Paper type: Theoretical Research ; Durant les dernières années, plusieurs gouvernements se sont orientés vers le digital comme phénomène leur permettant de fournir des services numériques aux usagers facilitant l'accès à l'information et simplifiant les procédures administratives dans le but de rapprocher le citoyen de l'administration publique Dans une optique d'apprécier les avantages de la transformation digitale, la mise en place d'une stratégie accompagnant les administrations dans leurs processus de digitalisation est nécessaire. C'est ainsi que les gouvernements ont adopté des plans d'action et créé des instances de suivi de la stratégie de transformation digitale afin de piloter au mieux ce changement révolutionnaire du secteur public. Ce papier vise à établir une synthèse de la revue de la littérature systématique sur le phénomène de la transformation digitale et de l'e-gouvernement, d'analyser les facteurs influençant cette transformation et d'identifier les obstacles qui peuvent survenir au cours du processus de digitalisation empêchant ainsi les organisations d'apprécier l'efficacité et l'efficience de cette transformation. Les recherches réalisées démontrent qu'il existe plusieurs prérequis et déterminants à la réussite de la transformation digitale de l'administration (confiance, sensibilisation, adoption, agilité.etc). La transformation digitale des administrations publiques permettrait en effet à l'état d'intégrer le citoyen comme acteur influençant la réorientation de la vocation des gouvernements, le centrage sur la satisfaction de l'usager des services publics aide les administrations à personnaliser les services numériques fournis en fonction des besoins identifiés chez les usagers. Enfin la stratégie de digitalisation adoptée doit tenir compte du contexte du pays (juridique, infrastructure, Organisationnelle.etc) afin d'adopter la stratégie organisationnelle adéquate pour la réussite du chantier de digitalisation et la création d'une valeur publique. Classification JEL: O32; O38 Type de l'article: Article théorique

Clustering is an unsupervised learning method that classified data according to similarity probabilities. DBScan as a high-quality algorithm has been introduced for clustering spatial data due to its ability to remove noise (outlier) and constructing arbitrarily shapes. However, it has a problem in determining a suitable value of Eps parameter. This paper proposes a new clustering method, termed as DBScanBAT, that it optimizes DBScan algorithm by BAT algorithm. The proposed method automatically sets the DBScan parameters (Eps) and finds the optimal value for it. The results of the proposed DBScanBAT automatically generates near original number of clusters better than DBScanPSO and original DBScan. Furthermore, the proposed method has the ability to generate high quality clusters with minimum entropy [ 0.2752, 0.4291] in TR11 and TR12 datasets.

The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between political stability and the variables of the Iraqi macroeconomics from 2006 to 2021 and how this stability can reduce the shocks of the economic situation and its impact on choosing appropriate economic policies. This topic is one of the important topics that drew the attention of researchers and specialists in the political and economic fields.
Iraq's internal political stability affects the stability of its general economy, which depends on the oil sector, which accounts for more than 90% of the state's general revenues. Oil, in turn, is subject to price fluctuations in the global market. Therefore, the political shocks that Iraq is exposed to affect its economic policy greatly.
The results of the research revealed that there is a positive relationship between political stability and economic stability in Iraq, which is achieved through the stability of the Iraqi governmental political institutions, which leads to achieving economic growth, economic development and the welfare of the Iraqi society. The research has proven that instability has led to a decline in the performance of the Iraqi economy in most areas. Among other results, the emergence of corruption in all its forms as a result of failed policies, instability and waste of many of its resources in failed projects made Iraq one of the most corrupt countries.

The strategic balance in the Middle East is one of the most important topics that have captured the attention of researchers and thinkers. That was due to the potential and capabilities that this region possesses and could have a significant impact on international strategic interests and thus on international and regional balances. The Middle East region witnessed many equilibrium formulas, each of which was an expression of the circumstances and variables that prevailed in the region.
Hence the importance of studying the regional and international powers in the Middle East and the most important pressures facing those powers, especially the great powers represented by the United States, the Russian Federation, and China, and their attempts to achieve a strategic balance in the region.
The research sought to deal with the following problem:
What did the strategic balance look like in the Middle East after 2003, and what regional and international powers were able to impose their will on the region?
The research was divided into three chapters, in addition to an introduction, conclusion, and conclusions reached by the researcher. The first chapter was devoted to the theoretical framework of the concept of the Middle East and the strategic balance, while the second one was devoted to studying regional balances and their reflection on the gains of international balances of power. The focus was on the regional powers that are major players in the region, represented by Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. Finally, the third chapter dealt with the repercussions of regional balances on international competition in the Middle East.

The aim of robot path planning is to search for a safe path for the mobile robot. Even though there exist various path planning algorithms for mobile robots, yet only a few are optimized. The optimized algorithms include the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) that finds the optimal path with respect to avoiding the obstacles while ensuring safety. In PSO, the sub-optimal solution takes place frequently while finding a solution to the optimal path problem. This paper proposes an enhanced PSO algorithm that contains an improved particle velocity. Experimental results show that the proposed Enhanced PSO performs better than the standard PSO in terms of solution's quality. Hence, a mobile robot implementing the proposed algorithm operates better and is more secure.

1. Introduction -- Part 1. Contemporary issues in tourism and hospitality in conflict-ridden destinations -- 2. Tourism and conflict: A framework for examining risk versus satisfaction -- 3. Tourism, border disputes and claims to territorial sovereignty -- 4. The attitudes of the Dutch Market towards safety and security -- 5. Building destination resilience through community and organizational resilience -- Part 2. Tourism and hospitality in conflict situations -- 6. On killing the "toured object": Anti-terrorist fantasy, touristic edgework and morbid consumption in the illegal settlements in West Bank, Palestine -- 7. Tourism as a tool for peace? Between the lines - Thandaung Gyi in Kayin State, Myanmar -- 8. Tourism in Chilas, Pakistan: A destination under crises -- 9. The moderation effect of branding on destination image in a crisis-ridden destination, Zimbabwe -- 10. Dystopian dark tourism, fan subculture and the ongoing Nakba in Banksy's walled Off heterotopia -- 11. The PEGIDA movement and social conflict in Dresden, Germany: An investigation of the impacts of far right populism on tourism in Europe -- Part 3. Tourism and hospitality in post-conflict destinations -- 12. Memorial entrepreneurs and dissonances in post-conflict tourism -- 13. Taking tourism matters into own hands: Phoenix tourism in Moravia, Medellín, Colombia -- 14. Narrating the Scars of Sarajevo: Reminiscent Memories of War and Tragedy in the Landscape -- 15. Bangkok street food-conflicting visions of modernity -- 16. Post-conflict tourism development in Northern Ireland: moving beyond murals and dark sites associated with its past -- 17. Visitor-host encounters in post-conflict destinations: The case of Cyprus -- Part 4. Conclusion.

Blockchain Driven Supply Chains and Enterprise Information Systems examines initiatives for blockchain implementation in supply chain management and the integration of blockchain technology with existing enterprise management applications. The authors aim to establish common ground to provide solutions and best practices in the supply chain field, while tackling the challenges faced when integrating blockchain in supply chain policy. Chapters address both design and implementation aspects of supply chain platforms and enterprise information systems, and provide real-world use cases and examples from industry that address the impacts of using blockchain in the modern supply chain. Reports on new initiatives for integrating blockchain into supply chain management; Highlights the challenges of blockchain-based enterprise information systems; Highlights real-world industry case studies.

This study aimed to determine female mathematics teachers' level of performance in employing the teaching practices necessary to develop mathematical writing among female primary school students. It used the descriptive survey approach and collected data through observation. The study sample comprised 48 female teachers. The study generated several interesting results, most notably that the mathematics teachers' level of performance was average, with overall means of 1.92–3, and there were statistically significant differences at the level of ? < .05 in the level of teaching practices employed attributable to teaching experience in favor of the group with fewer than 10 years' experience. Based on these results, the study makes several recommendations. Primarily, it proposes that training programs for in-service female mathematics teachers should be strengthened, ensuring they cover the teaching practices necessary to develop mathematical writing skills.

Received: 10 May 2023 / Accepted: 22 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023