Suchergebnisse

The main objective of the study is to determine the specificity of gender representation of violence against women in the Ukrainian Soviet press of the 1920s and 1930s. The methodology of our study combining discourse analysis with feminist criticism. In the texts of the media of the 1920s and 1930s, the problem of sexual violence was interpreted in line with communist ideology.In order to publicize the fact of rape in Soviet newspapers, it was necessary for the crime to meet a number of ideological criteria, in particular the victim and the rapist had to be of the "right" class origin. Newspaper texts focused on the issue of sexual violence against women as an everyday occurrence in the USSR to exacerbate the class struggle against exploiters. In some publications, journalists carefully touched on the subject of sexual harassment by business executives, but it was not fully disclosed.In the early 1920s, under the conditions of Soviet rule, reports of sexual violence by White Army soldiers were printed with propaganda goals to create a demonized image of the enemy to gain the affection of the local population.I. Dubinsky's publications on the sexual military practices of the Red Army (the constant presence of a large number of «their» women in the Red Army during the Civil War, the rape of «foreign» women) were a bold exception to the general journalistic rule of concealing such information. In the 1930s, with the height of Stalin's terror, reports of sexual violence disappeared from the front pages of Ukrainian Soviet newspapers. But Soviet citizens were regularly informed of similar crimes in bourgeois countries.Research results. In our study we outline the main topics for further research of Ukrainian media discourse (sexual harassment at work, militarism and sexual violence), as well as the key issues of coverage of this social problem (marginalization and taboos, ideological involvement, bias, etc.).Conclusions. Thanks to journalistic technologies (framing, stereotyping, imposing of a class enemy ideologue on the image of a rapist, a kind of authorial intentionality, artistic means), the message about gender violence acquired the necessary ideological coloring. Thus, reports of sexual violence in the Ukrainian Soviet press were regarded by the communist authorities as an effective ideological weapon.Significance. Gender-sensitive journalism is only being implemented in modern Ukraine, so we consider these issues, including historical aspects, to be a topical and promising area of media studies.Key words: sexual violence; gender violence; rape, the press; propaganda, ideology. ; У статті досліджується специфіка висвітлення сексуального насильства в українській радянській пресі 1920‒1930-х років, зокрема такі його форми, як зґвалтування і сексуальні домагання. Об'єктом дослідження стали судові репортажі, повідомлення кримінальної хроніки, кореспонденції, статті, присвячені цій темі і вміщені у газетах і журналах 1920‒1930-х років. Сексуальні злочини були табуйованою і марґіналізованою темою в українській радянській пресі: журналісти здійснювали специфічний відбір фактів і оприлюднювали лише ті з них, які могли прислужитися радянській пропаганді. Підкреслюється, що комуністична ідеологія впливала на зміст, типологію персонажів, інтерпретацію події, визначала ідейні акценти таких повідомлень.Key words: сексуальне насильство; гендерне насильство; зґвалтування; преса; пропаганда; ідеологія.