Suchergebnisse

The study examined the instructional contribution of a community and government school administrator in Pakistan. While using qualitative tools to generate data, the research exclusively examined the administrators' engagements in such instructional processes as conducting class visits, arranging inschool professional development programs, and contributing to curriculum enrichment. The study noted that as compared to government administrator, the community administrator seemed more active in the instructional processes of his school. The detachment of the government administrator from classroom practices had many implications that also influenced the quality of education in the government school. On the basis of the findings of this study, I maintain that the efficiency of school administrators is contingent upon multiple elements, such as provisions of job related training, introduction of an effective accountability tool, support of instruction oriented educational officials, and contribution of community/parents The study suggested Pakistan should address the above-mentioned elements when defining the instruction-oriented role of school administrators in the country.

Intellectual property is regarded to be the digital economy's hot issue. It ranges from theoretical arguments to own information concerning everyday life relating to the foundation of internet geography. The current study deals with the impact of the digital economy on intellectual property law and proposes that although various countries have given many intellectual property laws, no such implementation has ever been made. Still, the digital world has witnessed the protection of intellectual law through technical protection and contracts. The digital economy has greatly impacted the intellectual property law that can be witnessed through cyber squatter legislation and significant legal and economic protection developments. The endorsement of business methods patents and e-commerce would significantly affect freedom, computer as well as privacy. However, some of their personal information has been suggested by giving individual property rights while describing it to protect freedom and privacy. In this study, it has also been concluded that policy is critical to conceive and analyze issues so that it would be technology independent. It would help policymakers to draft legislation and policies in the same way. In addition to this, policymakers' decisions should not base on any business model's specifics only. Moreover, the study suggests the need for other adaptations to ensure that all the essential purposes in copyright laws, such as giving free access to the public for a broader range of information, have been adequately fulfilled in the digital economy context. However, such adaptations are yet to design, and for completing such tasks, the stakeholders' participation is significant.

The purpose of this research is to empirically test the perceptionof organizational politics among university faculty in the context ofPakistan. The plan of the study involved collection of data about theperception of organizational politics among the university faculty inKarachi. The sample size of 110 faculty members from various highereducation institutions was collected. The instrument used for thisstudy was the 15-item Perception of Organizational Politics Scale(POPS) developed by Kacmar and Carlson (1997). The scale includesthree section such as People in this organization attempt to buildthemselves up by tearing others down; Agreeing with powerful othersis the best alternative in this organization and When it comes to payraise and promotion decisions, policies are irrelevant. The resultsupports the hypothesis that there is an association between powerfulpolitical groups and employees' survival in higher educationinstitutions.