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The key objective of the present paper is to highlight the consequence of education along with the importance of teacher in education and its overall influence on the national economic development Pakistan.It is crystal clear that the role of education and teachers has become more important in improving human capital and consequently has a positive impact on the national development and prosperity.The results of this study show that teachers in all level including primary school, middle school teacher and high school teacher play a positive and statistically significant role in promoting national economic development.Therefore, these findings have some important policy implications.The government of Pakistan at both the federal and provincial levels needs to formulate appropriate and education promoting oriented policy in order to encourage education and increase quality trained teachers in the country. Consequently, it will further help to promote overall economy performance and largely mitigate poverty and improve social welfare in the country.

Purpose: No one can deny the importance of education as it not only improves living standard but also promotes self-esteem as well as improves social development. The role of the government cannot be overlooked in the development of education. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyses the role of government through national income and government expenditure on education through school enrolment in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have used secondary data over the period of 2000 to 2017 for empirical analysis. We used descriptive statistics analysis, and the method of least squares is used to obtain empirical results. Findings: The result shows that national income and government expenditures have positive effects on school enrollment, indicating when national and government expenditures increase, ultimately school enrolment also increases in the country. Implications/Originality/Value: Our results of this study suggest that national income needs to be increases and government spending also needs to be increases in order to improve education in the country.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of renewable energy consumption along with some other regressors namely income by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, foreign remittances, inflation rate, growth in population on human development in eight Asian countries (Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Japan) from 1995 to 2018. Based on the nature of panel balanced data, we employed the fully modified ordinary least squares and fixed-effects estimators for the empirical investigation. The empirical estimates exhibit that renewable energy usage, foreign remittances and real per capita income have substantial positive impacts on human development. In contrast, inflation rate and growth in population have negative link with human development in the sample countries. Empirical estimates reveal that renewable energy usage positively contribute enhancing human development. These findings expose that the availability and accessibility of renewable energy will not only improve human development rather will also help in accomplishing sustainable development goals. Empirical findings suggest that the management authorities need to allocate more budget in investment in renewable energy schemes and also create environment which facilitate by providing incentives to the private sector also for renewable energy production in the Asian countries.

AbstractIntroductionThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest provider of HIV care in the United States. Changes in healthcare delivery became necessary with the COVID‐19 pandemic. We compared HIV healthcare delivery during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic to a prior similar calendar period.MethodsWe included 27,674 people with HIV (PWH) enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study prior to 1 March 2019, with ≥1 healthcare encounter from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 (2019) and/or 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 (2020). We counted monthly general medicine/infectious disease (GM/ID) clinic visits and HIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL) tests. We determined the percentage with ≥1 clinic visit (in‐person vs. telephone/video [virtual]) and ≥1 VL test (detectable vs. suppressed) for 2019 and 2020. Using pharmacy records, we summarized antiretroviral (ARV) medication refill length (<90 vs. ≥90 days) and monthly ARV coverage.ResultsMost patients had ≥1 GM/ID visit in 2019 (96%) and 2020 (95%). For 2019, 27% of visits were virtual compared to 64% in 2020. In 2019, 82% had VL measured compared to 74% in 2020. Of those with VL measured, 92% and 91% had suppressed VL in 2019 and 2020. ARV refills for ≥90 days increased from 39% in 2019 to 51% in 2020. ARV coverage was similar for all months of 2019 and 2020 ranging from 76% to 80% except for March 2019 (72%). Women were less likely than men to be on ARVs or to have a VL test in both years.ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the VA increased the use of virtual visits and longer ARV refills, while maintaining a high percentage of patients with suppressed VL among those with VL measured. Despite decreased in‐person services during the pandemic, access to ARVs was not disrupted. More follow‐up time is needed to determine whether overall health was impacted by the use of differentiated service delivery and to evaluate whether a long‐term shift to increased virtual healthcare could be beneficial, particularly for PWH in rural areas or with transportation barriers. Programmes to increase ARV use and VL testing for women are needed.