Suchergebnisse

Child trafficking is a rampant problem in the world. An indeterminately great number of men, women, and children have become prey to the trafficking of persons for sexual abuse, forced labor, and other forms of mistreatment at the international level. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Law of Nations on the trafficking of children for domestic work. The study further explained international instruments on the trafficking of children for household work and the important viewpoints of trafficking provided procedures for expanding policies to deals with the trafficking of children for domestic work. The anti-trafficking strategies in treaties, conventions, and protocols are particularly focused on policies to combat the trafficking of children for domestic work, as well as other human rights strategies focused, that obligate the countries to act against traffickers, save children from harm and be vulnerable to the trafficking of children and create a preventive structure for those been trafficked.

Oil spills cause environmental pollution with a serious threat to local communities and sustainable development. Accidental oil spills can be modelled as a stochastic process where each oil spill event is described by its spatial locations and incidence-time and hence allow for space-time cluster analysis. Space-time cluster analysis can detect space-time pattern distribution of oil spills which can be useful for implementing preventive measures and evidence-based decision making. This study aims to detect the space-time clusters of accidental oil spills in Rivers state, Nigeria through the Space-time Scan Statistic. The Space-time Scan Statistic was applied under the permutation model to the oil spill data (each for sabotage and operational oil spills) collected at Local Government Area (LGA)-level during the period from 2011 to 2019. The results show that the sabotage oil spill clusters have covered most of the LGAs in the southern part of the state at the start of the study period and then in 2018–2019, it moved to the west covering a single LGA. The operational oil spill clusters covered two neighboring LGAs in the south. In addition, the temporal cluster of sabotage oil spills was seen in 2019 and operational oil spills in 2011–2012. The sabotage oil spills show an increasing trend with the maximum in 2019 while the operational oil spills show a decreasing trend with the minimum in 2019. These findings assist in more effective decision-making for combating the environmental problems and controlling the future spill incidence in the cluster-regions. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. ; Funding: Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS-Fundamental Research Grant (YUTP-FRG) with a cost center of 015LC0-013.