Suchergebnisse

STUDY OF THE LEGISLATURE REQUIRES NOT ONLY A MERE GRASP OF THE MECHANISM OF PARLIAMENTARY RULES AND PROCEDURES, BUT ALSO THE STRESSES AND STRAINS UNDER WHICH THE LEGISLATORS PERFORM THEIR LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS, THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE CHAMBERS AND THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF OFFICES WITH THEIR ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN THE MODERN COMPLICATED TASK OF LAW-MAKING.

THE STUDY OF THE LEGISLATURE REQUIRES NOT ONLY A MERE GRASP OF THE MECHANISM OF PARLIAMENTARY RULES AND PROCEDURES, BUT ALSO THE STRESSES AND STRAINS UNDER WHICH THE LEGISLATORS PERFORM THEIR LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS, THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE CHAMBERS AND THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF OFFICES WITH THEIR ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN THE MODERN COMPLICATED TASK OF LAW-MAKING.

THE FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINANTS OF SAUDI ARABIA ARE ITS HISTORY, LOCATION, OIL, ISLAM AND MONARCHY, THE LAST THREE BEING MORE IMPORTANT. THERE CAN BE THREE PHASES OF RECENT SAUDI ARABIAN FOREIGN POLICY. IN THE FIRST PHASE (1953-1956) SAUDI ARABIA, ALONG WITH EGYPT MAINTAINED AN ANTI-HASHIMITE AND ANTI-BAGHDAD-PACT POSTURE. THE SECOND PHASE (1957-1967) IS CHARACTERIZED BY DEEPENING RIVALRY WITH EGYPT.

THE FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINANTS OF SAUDI ARABIA ARE ITS HISTORY, LOCATION, OIL, ISLAM, AND MONARCHY, THE LAST THREE BEING MORE IMPORTANT. THERE CAN BE THREE PHASES OF RECENT SAUDI FOREIGN POLICY. THE FIRST PHASE WAS ANTI-HASHIMITE. AND ANTI-BAGHDAD, THE SECOND PHASE WAS A DEEPENING RIVALRY WITH EGYPT, AND THE THIRD PHASE WAS MARKED BY SAUDI SUPREMACY OVER EGYPT SINCE NASSER'S DEFEAT BY ISRAEL.

In modern times, Mass Media is one of the most vital sectors in any society or economy. Mass media can be used for various purposes, like `advocacy1 for both business and social concerns. Enrichment and education - traditionally through performances like acting, music, and sports along with reading and Public Service announcements. Another aspect of Mass Media is mainstream media, which implies ability to transmit tacit knowledge,with a bias - political or otherwise, - towards favouring a certain individual outcome or resolution of an event. This view of central media can be contrasted with l

The topic of abortion was in the limelight again in Dobbs v Jackson, where the US Supreme Court overturned the decision of Roe v Wade, 'which guaranteed women and pregnant people a constitutional right to abortion'. While not bound by the judgment, this gives us an opportunity to reflect on the current law in South Africa which regulates the termination of pregnancy. The primary piece of legislation which governs abortion is the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act. Section 2 of the Act lists the grounds under which one may lawfully terminate a pregnancy. One of those grounds relates to the period of the 13th up until the 20th week of the gestation period, and states that if a medical practitioner, after consultation with the pregnant woman, is of the opinion that the continued pregnancy would significantly affect the social or economic circumstances of the woman, then the pregnancy may be lawfully terminated. The question is: What exactly is meant by 'social grounds'? This article considers this aspect from a legal perspective and attempts to provide clarity on the issue, in the hope that this will be of assistance to medical practitioners who are concerned about the outcome of their actions, when assisting persons in this position.

This research investigates the cultural barriers which face international managers and the significance of international managers on Industrial Relations (IR)/Human Resource Management (HRM) practices within the Garment and Textile (G & T) industry in Bangladesh. After the Rana Plaza building collapse, the Bangladesh state undertook measures to address a variety of IR/HRM related issues which included those of health & safety, working conditions and trade unions. It is noted that international managers have played a substantial role but there remain some limitations which are discussed. Based on a review of the literature, the research develops a model to identify how effective international managers are in overcoming cultural barriers. The research methodology is based on a theoretical model which brings together a number of factors which include cultural characteristics. This is tested through triangulation; analysis of primary data interviews which are based within selected companies interviews, open-ended and structured interviews, and the analysis of a survey questionnaire. For this research, Hofstedes, Trompenaars and Ingleharts model have been drawn upon because their work provides both a theoretical and practical contribution to culture and management in major developing countries such as Bangladesh. This exploration of the cultural context within Bangladeshi identifies various differences between Western and non-Western culture. The Bangladeshi culture and non-Western culture particularly in South Asia has substantial similarities. Bangladesh retains what is probably the most traditional and collective culture in South Asia. These collectivist traits are reflected in both the research and conceptual model. Therefore, these contextual factors offer fertile ground for the future development of a model for understanding how international managers adapt to the environment within Bangladesh. A modified theoritical model from selected theories allowing a framework for the research. In line with the empirical findings, the cultural characteristics of language, culture, trade unions, health & safety and political understanding are all significant for international managers in the G & T industry in Bangladesh. With regards to language barriers, the research has identified that language problems create a communication gap between international managers and IR actors, this is notable between trade union and government officials; hence the cultural barriers. Findings suggest that the non- Western international managers such as those from India and Sri Lanka do not encounter language problems. Within the linguistic sphere, Indian and Sri Lankan international managers have a basic grounding in Bangla (Bangladeshi language). This familiarity extends beyond language and includes culture. With regard to health & safety issues, the findings suggest that Western international managers show a higher level of awareness than non-Western international managers. This heightened awareness is especially contrasted with those managers from India, Sri Lanka and China. This may be because of the similarities of cultural characteristics. In line with HRM practices, the Multinational Companies (MNCs) provide an exemplar of the introduction of corporate HRM policies in the G & T industry in Bangladesh. The empirical study of this research found that Western international managers follow different HR policies but they have limited presence compared to the non-Western international managers. The non-Western international managers particularly those from India and Sri Lanka tend not to follow corporate HRM practices. These countries and Bangladesh have a similar cultural framework and therefore a similar paradigm of values and understanding. This research also contributes to the understanding of the relationship between selected actors in the G& T industry. The empirical evidence in the broad fields of IR/HRM for Bangladesh is scant and the findings make a significant contribution to knowledge. Therefore, this research makes a contribution to understanding selected actors within the Bangladeshi system.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Growing water scarcity and competing water demands are expected to reduce diversion of water for agriculture in the future. Efforts are needed to utilize the available limited water resources efficiently and effectively. Multiple uses of water is inevitable to produce more with less water. Water resources projects not only provides water for irrigation but also provide water for a range of other productive uses such as home gardens, livestock, fishing and aquatic products, and micro-enterprises such as brick-making. In the Gangetic flood plain of Indian state of West Bengal, wetlands are used as multiple system and have significant impacts on livelihoods of the local people through the most important benefit arising from fisheries, followed by wetland cultivation and jute retting. Integration of secondary reservoir or small tank in the tubewell based irrigation system has been demonstrated at Patna, India as an effective mechanism to better regulate water and also enhance water productivity by raising fish in the reservoir to generate additional income and improve livelihood. The technology of multiple use of canal water was also demonstrated at Bhubaneswar, India using service reservoir and gravity drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, and integrating fish culture in the ponds and raising horticulture on the pond embankments. Similarly, MUS projects in Nepal have showed that the use of micro-irrigation in conjunction with MUS is a potent combination. Rice-fish farming trials conducted at Patna has been found to be useful in productive utilization of seasonally waterlogged lands in canal commands. Makhana (Euryale ferox) cum fish culture in water bodies of North Bihar, secondary reservoir for rainwater harvesting and productive utilization etc. are some other examples of multiple use of water in the IGB. This paper presents the results of different studies conducted on multiple use of water in the eastern Indo-Gangetic plains.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Growing water scarcity and competing water demands are expected to reduce diversion of water for agriculture in the future. Efforts are needed to utilize the available limited water resources efficiently and effectively. Multiple uses of water is inevitable to produce more with less water. Water resources projects not only provides water for irrigation but also provide water for a range of other productive uses such as home gardens, livestock, fishing and aquatic products, and micro-enterprises such as brick-making. In the Gangetic flood plain of Indian state of West Bengal, wetlands are used as multiple system and have significant impacts on livelihoods of the local people through the most important benefit arising from fisheries, followed by wetland cultivation and jute retting. Integration of secondary reservoir or small tank in the tubewell based irrigation system has been demonstrated at Patna, India as an effective mechanism to better regulate water and also enhance water productivity by raising fish in the reservoir to generate additional income and improve livelihood. The technology of multiple use of canal water was also demonstrated at Bhubaneswar, India using service reservoir and gravity drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, and integrating fish culture in the ponds and raising horticulture on the pond embankments. Similarly, MUS projects in Nepal have showed that the use of micro-irrigation in conjunction with MUS is a potent combination. Rice-fish farming trials conducted at Patna has been found to be useful in productive utilization of seasonally waterlogged lands in canal commands. Makhana (Euryale ferox) cum fish culture in water bodies of North Bihar, secondary reservoir for rainwater harvesting and productive utilization etc. are some other examples of multiple use of water in the IGB. This paper presents the results of different studies conducted on multiple use of water in the eastern Indo-Gangetic plains.