Suchergebnisse

How to explain the violent xenophobic attacks in South Africa in recent years? Two militant South African activists, Leonard Gentle and Noor Nieftagodien, interviewed here, analyse the race/class bases for the anti-foreigner violence in terms of the echoes/reverberations of apartheid and the rise of neoliberalism. They argue that remnants of apartheid have endured through the reproduction of racial and tribal categories, which has contributed to the entrenchment of exclusionary nationalist politics and the fragmentation of black unity. South Africa's specific history of capitalist development, the African National Congress's embraces of neoliberalism, on the one hand, and rainbowism, on the other, have produced the underlying conditions of precarity and desperation that resulted in the normalisation of xenophobia. The unions, too, have failed to recognise the new shape of the 'working class'. Gentle and Nieftagodien outline the need to contend with the broader social conditions, the global economic crisis, neoliberalism and the deep inequalities it engenders in order to counteract the rising tide of xenophobia and build working-class unity.

The WTO Dispute Settlement System (DSS) has often been cited as especially important for smaller or poorer developing countries that traditionally lack political or economic power to pursue their interests in a power-based system. In practice, however, the WTO DSS has predominantly been used by developed WTO members, such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). There are only a few proactive developing country users of the system, typically more advanced economies such as Brazil and China. Pakistan, a weak economy, and one of the WTO's original developing country members, fits this general pattern, with limited participation in the WTO DSS. As this thesis explains, Pakistan's modest use of the WTO DSS can be attributed not only to its small proportion of global trade but, more significantly, to its limited trade capacity to pursue cases in the WTO DSS. These trade capacity limitations include inadequate institutional, informational, human, financial and legal resources, which are needed to litigate effectively in the WTO DSS. Current WTO institutional support is limited to address the trade capacity issues of countries like Pakistan, and reform of the WTO DSS seems far-fetched. Pakistan, thus, has to enhance its trade capacity resources independently within existing constraints, in order to make better use of the current WTO DSS. Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs), or government–business resource sharing, have been cited as a factor in the US, the EU and Brazil's enhancing of their trade capacity and success in WTO litigation. Developing countries such as Pakistan, on the other hand, have made only limited use of PPPs. The academic literature examining in detail their use of PPPs is also fairly sparse. This thesis, therefore, examines PPPs as a means of addressing Pakistan's trade capacity issues. The thesis identifies the significance of PPPs for Pakistan in WTO litigation, and examines Pakistan's current arrangements and potential barriers to the formation of effective PPPs. Most importantly, it ...

This book takes readers on a series of stimulating intellectual journeys from the late nineteenth century to the contemporary era to explore notions of modernity in the production and reception of the African moving image and of African archival practices. Ideas are presented from multiple historical and contemporary perspectives, while inviting new voices to participate in discussions about the future of the African moving image. Reframing Africa?makes a plea for the recognition, preservation and repatriation of the African moving image archive, advancing ideas about how it speaks to contemporary Africans, possessed of the power to elucidate their lived experiences and to reorientate perceptions of the past, present and future. On the basis of this wide-ranging appreciation of the archive, the book charts a way forward for African-inflected film studies as well as other programmes in the humanities and social sciences. Reframing Africa? will appeal to scholars, academics and practitioners across the continent and beyond.