Suchergebnisse

This study investigated how a head teacher's decisions were informed by her prior professional experiences in coping with the challenges in the initial years of headship in Government Secondary School in Pakistan. It is a qualitative case study of a newly promoted female head teacher with twenty-nine years of teaching experience, posted in the same school. Multiple data collection tools (interviews, observations, document analysis and field notes) were used to collect data about the inquiry. The study found that decision-making processes and professional experiences were co-related in teaching and learning, managing the staff, efficient and effective placement of the staff, strategic planning and development of the school, and resource management and accountability. Other factors, which influenced the head teacher's decisions were: pressure from high management and the community, accountability, personal values and priorities, and relationships with stakeholders. The study recommended that policy makers provide support and professional development opportunities for novice and aspiring head teachers and has raised questions for further exploration.

This study investigated how a head teacher's decisions were informed by her prior professional experiences in coping with the challenges in the initial years of headship in Government Secondary School in Pakistan. It is a qualitative case study of a newly promoted female head teacher with twenty-nine years of teaching experience, posted in the same school. Multiple data collection tools (interviews, observations, document analysis and field notes) were used to collect data about the inquiry. The study found that decision-making processes and professional experiences were co-related in teaching and learning, managing the staff, efficient and effective placement of the staff, strategic planning and development of the school, and resource management and accountability. Other factors, which influenced the head teacher's decisions were: pressure from high management and the community, accountability, personal values and priorities, and relationships with stakeholders. The study recommended that policy makers provide support and professional development opportunities for novice and aspiring head teachers and has raised questions for further exploration.

Pakistan is facing several forms of terrorism, no other country in the world entangled in this problem like Pakistan today. Sectarianism and politico-religious terrorism is an aching problem of Pakistan. The term ethnic refer to the way in which individuals and groups characterize themselves on the basis of their language, race, and place of origin, shared culture, values, and history. Ethnicity is a conception of a common descent, often of a mythic character. A new era of terror began in Pakistan. The situation has become very shocking for the stability of Pakistan. This study investigates terrorism post 9/11 in Pakistan. Terrorism that emerged after 9/11 is the most serious threat. Pakistan has its role as the frontline state in the war against terrorism. The tension between supporters particularly conservative and moderate Islam is growing and the deterioration of composition sate. It is beyond the capacity of single person's effort to eliminate deep rooted crisis of the society. An institutional mechanism with the participation range on a regular basis is the only permanent way to fight against this threat. The study sheds new light on the extent of terrorism, the repeated nature of terrorism, the role of conflict, the choice of weapons, support for terrorism, the choice of targets and the reactionary nature of terrorism.

Career guidance had been a strong variable for consideration in democratic societies at global level. Individual autonomy and choice making is imperative for indulging in better market economy. Career guidance programs, if introduced at university level are very helpful for students in overcoming hesitation in career choices and selecting desirable study paths. The study compared career guidance needs among students at higher education level in Pakistan with reference to gender. Mix method design was adopted to extract data from graduating students enrolled in Management Sciences through questionnaire and semi structured interviews (male=100, female=100). Findings illuminated that male students (μ=4.1) have a clear idea about career guidance through internship programs whereas female students (μ=3.1) differed in their views about it. Male students suggested that career planning strategies, if implemented in their course may help designing lifelong careers whereas female students' focus was towards development of effective career skills only. It is suggested that career guidance is on the brink of coming a national reality at all of the educational levels, so it may be included as a vital part in curriculum. Furthermore, as female students in our society are given less projection so they may be provided with more chances of exposure towards their future careers. Keywords: Perceptions, career guidance, career skills, career planning