Suchergebnisse

Environmental concerns related to fossil fuels utilization has developed different energy/environmental policy tools that Carbon tax is one of the important ones. There are huge debates among different political parties related to the positive and negative effects of the carbon tax on the energy and environmental policies of the countries. However, carbon tax not only can have effects on the utilization and consumption of energy sources portfolios, but it may also have negative or positive effects on the economy, industry, and social welfare of the countries that should be identified and analyzed, in particular for countries with high energy-intensive industries such as Finland. The purpose of this research is to answer the question: "How does Carbon Tax affect social welfare and emission reduction in Finland?" We use the computable general equilibrium model to analyze the impact of the carbon tax on social welfare and the rate of emission reduction. Considering the fact that Finland has several years of carbon tax policy application background, evaluation of the impact of this policy on Finland's social-environmental structure is very valuable for other countries, especially newcomers. Our results show that despite carbon tax policy in Finland has been successful in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, however, it has negative effects on the social welfare of Finns. Therefore, an optimum level of the carbon price is recommended for future policy revision

Investigating the performance and productivity level of different energy consuming sectors in all countries is an inevitable action. This procedure will be conducted by comparing the energy input and the output of the system which is vital to ensure that the system is used properly. The proper utilization of systems will lead to more efficiency in the energy consumption section. One of the most important tasks in this type of study is the analysis of uncertainty indicators. The analysis and evaluation of uncertainty indices in energy consumption system is a tool that prioritizes the indicators in terms of importance and impact on each of the consumption targets. These consumption goals include energy, environmental, technical, economical, and social objectives. Ultimately, the output data of the uncertainty analysis will be very helpful for making the system more reliable and usable. In this study, we first introduced different sectors of the energy consumption system in Finland and examined each of these sectors in terms of physical and environmental goals. Then the uncertainty indexes in different sectors are extracted, evaluated qualitatively and quantified using the fuzzy logic method. Finally, indicators are prioritized based on the level of effectiveness and uncertainty. According to the results of this research, among 44 considered indices, the security of energy supply, carbon emission, equivalent annual cost, reliability, and political acceptability are respectively the most important indices for energy, environmental, economic, technical and social goals. ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|