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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gather arguments and counterarguments about crises management to date, in order to add value to the current knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe originality of the concept has remained untouched. The whole idea of writing the literature review was based on what others have done to date and at what point further research stopped and why. This took place only by reading previous research and not conducting any primary research.FindingsCrisis management is what almost all businesses have to have expertise in if success is sought. Based on this study one fit for all strategy is one of the main components of failure as well as failed crisis management.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is that not enough has been done in this arena and future research is essential to establish why the majority of businesses do not in fact learn lessons from past mistakes. More importantly they do not take some issues as seriously as they should; which in turn leads to crisis, when management is difficult because the timing is too late. However they claim otherwise and have no factual justification.Practical implicationsIdentifying the credible source of information and being flexible in terms of learning is the most important thing. There are various researches conducted, which are abundant with examples of successful as well as failed crisis management strategies. This paper brings research together in order to contribute to the current knowledge and let scholars and practitioners enjoy one of the latest literature reviews of crisis management with recent and real examples.Originality/valueHistory repeats over time, but one needs to realise this and have the ability to update the solutions compatible with the faced situation and the time. The twenty‐first century is a complex era and needs sophisticated management with proactive and adaptable attitude. Managers normally forecast a situation and before it turns to crisis they deal with it prudently and control the whole situation professionally.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify all important aspects of media relations researched by others and write a succinct literature review in order to facilitate the data gathering procedure for the future research in the field. Reliable references are quoted to fulfil the purpose of this paper.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to provide an easy to read literature review about media relations and explain terms by appropriate examples. This is done by reading other articles from previous research and reviewed contemporary issues in terms of media relations that businesses face and how they manage the whole process.FindingsThroughout the course of the work, it was found that many small to medium‐sized businesses and organisations do not actually plan for their media relations and have limited knowledge of the concept. However larger organisations and conglomerates have a good understanding of media relations and use it as a powerful PR tool. Just a few of them integrate their media relations with other components of PR and this can allow some speculations.Originality/valueMedia relations should not be used when issues and crises rise; it is essential to have constant liaison with top media owners in order to be informed about what is going on in the market. This allows adopting/changing strategies when needed in order to earn more public trust, as well as proactively identifying potential issues. Such flexibility and relationship with the media helps businesses to hinder potential issues from being turned to any kind of situation, which may harm own brands and publicity. Therefore customers feel valued and the government trust that particular business activity, because it is in favour with the society. Hence it gives invaluable credit to the business of the company.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw the line between public relations and strategic public relations in a simple and understandable language.Design/methodology/approachVarious definitions of both public relations and strategic public relations were cited in the paper and the common terms used in all definitions were outlined. The main discussion was then based on such similarities in order to establish the differences between the two terms. This was done by studying others' research and discussing their findings in a simple language in order to present a reliable literature review to readers and facilitate future research by providing credible references.FindingsThere is a grey line between public relations and strategic public relations; however there are differences between the two. This paper clarifies the differences by referring to genuine definitions of the two terms by experts and their analysis of the terms when it comes to practice, which calls for integration.Research limitations/implicationsThere is limited research conducted in the field of strategic public relations and still many have doubts about its effectiveness. This paper gathered relevant theory and examples from the real business world to suggest integration of public relations with marketing tools with strategic management coupled with generating trust.Practical implicationsSymmetrical communications and realising appropriate timing are important to achieve objectives of strategic pubic relations. There is no magic or formula for this but to think outside the box, allow effective stakeholders' engagement and proactive monitoring of the marketplace to increasingly enhance the chances of success.Originality/valueSuccinct study of strategic public relations and introducing the term SPR, as well as emphasising the integration of appropriate techniques and tools to achieve optimal result.