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Scholars typically view employee responses to psychological contract (PC) fulfillment as a form of reciprocity; in exchange for the organization fulfilling its promises, the employee willingly contributes their time and effort toward company goals. In this article, we ask if employee responses are based not on gratitude, but rather on the employee's desire to maintain the benefits associated with PC fulfillment. Specifically, we argue that PC fulfillment embeds employees in the organization by increasing the costs of leaving ('sacrifices'), and this in turn motivates their extra-role performance. Furthermore, we expect this effect to be even stronger for employees with strong ties to colleagues or work groups ('links') or good fit with job demands or organizational values ('fit'). Data from 149 employees and their immediate supervisors supported our predictions: PC fulfillment was positively related to organizationally-directed citizenship behaviors and work-role innovation through its positive relation to sacrifices. Furthermore, these indirect effects were stronger for employees with stronger links and better fit. The present findings provide a novel theoretical account of how and when PC fulfillment relates to positive employee behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for managing employees' PCs are discussed.

Two studies that examined the role of revenge in rumor transmission and involved working adults as participants are reported. Study 1 used hypothetical scenarios to manipulate organizational treatment of an employee and the believability of a rumor. Participants had higher intention to transmit a harmful rumor when the organization broke job-related promises (i.e., breached the psychological contract) and revenge motivation mediated this relationship. Believability of the rumor had no effect. Study 2 used a field survey methodology and, controlling for social desirability, replicated the results for self- and peer-reported rumor transmission behavior. Study 2 also showed that participants' belief in negative reciprocity norm strengthened the relationship between breach and revenge motivation.