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World Affairs Online
The relationship between parental presence and child sexual violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 51, S. 172-180
ISSN: 1873-7757
Fertility Among Orphans in Rural Malawi: Challenging Common Assumptions About Risk and Mechanisms
In: International perspectives on sexual & reproductive health, Band 40, Heft 4, S. 164-175
ISSN: 1944-0405
Caregiver burden among adults caring for orphaned children in rural South Africa
In: Vulnerable children and youth studies, Band 9, Heft 3, S. 234-246
ISSN: 1745-0136
The extent of community and public support available to families caring for orphans in Malawi
There are an estimated 15 million AIDS orphans worldwide. Families play an important role in safeguarding orphans, but they may be increasingly compromised by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The international aid community has recognized the need to help families continue caring for orphaned children by strengthening their safety nets. Before we build new structures, however, we need to know the extent to which community and public safety nets already provide support to families with orphans. To address this gap, we analyzed nationally representative data from 27,495 children in the 2004-2005 Malawi Integrated Household Survey. We found that communities commonly assisted orphan households through private transfers; organized responses to the orphan crisis were far less frequent. Friends and relatives provided assistance to over 75% of orphan households through private gifts, but the value of such support was relatively low. Over 40% of orphans lived in a community with support groups for the chronically ill and approximately a third of these communities provided services specifically for orphans and other vulnerable children. Public programs, which form a final safety net for vulnerable households, were more widespread. Free/subsidized agricultural inputs and food were the most commonly used public safety nets by children's households in the past year (44 and 13%, respectively), and households with orphans were more likely to be beneficiaries. Malawi is poised to drastically expand safety nets to orphans and their families, and these findings provide an important foundation for this process.
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Uptake of HIV testing among adolescents and associated adolescent-friendly services
BACKGROUND: HIV testing remains low among adolescents. Making public health services more adolescent-friendly is one strategy used to encourage testing. However, it remains unclear whether government-led initiatives have a meaningfully impact. METHODS: The current study is observational and utilizes two sources of data (health-facility and adolescent-level) from one round of data collection of an on-going, longitudinal impact evaluation of a pilot cash plus program targeting adolescents. This study linked data from adolescent surveys (n = 2191) to data collected from nearby government-run health facilities (n = 91) in two rural regions of Tanzania. We used log binomial regression models to estimate the association between specific adolescent-friendly health service (AFHS) characteristics and adolescents' uptake of 1) HIV testing and 2) visiting a health care facility in the past year for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. RESULTS: Most adolescents (67%) lived in a village with a health facility, and all offered HIV services. We find, however, that AFHS have not been fully implemented. For example, less than 40% of facilities reported that they had guidelines for adolescent care. Only 12% of facilities had a system in place for referral and follow-up with adolescent clients, yet this was an important predictor of both past-year HIV testing (RR = 1.28, p < 0.1) and SRH visits (RR = 1.44, p < 0.05). Less than half (44%) offered services for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV), a significant predictor of past-year HIV testing (RR = 1.20, p < 0.05) and SRH visits (RR = 1.41, p < 0.01) among sexually-active adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: We find that national guidelines on AFHS have not been fully translated into practice at the local level. We highlight particular gaps in adolescent referral systems and GBV services. Scaling up these two essential services could encourage greater HIV testing among a high-risk population, in addition to providing much needed support for survivors of violence.
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Bridging the gap: The impact of home visiting programs for orphans and vulnerable children on social grant uptake in South Africa
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Band 48, S. 111-116
ISSN: 0190-7409
Home visiting programs for HIV-affected families: a comparison of service quality between volunteer-driven and paraprofessional models
In: Vulnerable children and youth studies, Band 9, Heft 4, S. 305-317
ISSN: 1745-0136
Psychometric evaluation of the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Malawian adolescents
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 92, S. 139-145
ISSN: 1873-7757
Childhood adversity increases the risk of onward transmission from perinatal HIV-infected adolescents and youth in South Africa
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 79, S. 98-106
ISSN: 1873-7757
Educational Disparities in AIDS-affected Communities: Does Orphanhood Confer Unique Vulnerability?
In: The journal of development studies, Band 48, Heft 4, S. 531-548
ISSN: 1743-9140
Educational Disparities in AIDS-affected Communities: Does Orphanhood Confer Unique Vulnerability?
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, Band 48, Heft 4, S. 531-549
ISSN: 0022-0388