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When policy-makers opt for sanctions or other economic power instruments in response to geostrategic challenges, the stage is set for geoeconomic diplomacy. Challenging traditional conceptions about the interplay between governments and markets, this book sheds a new light on the diplomatic actors and processes that shape successful geoeconomic foreign and security policy-making. Unpacking the 'networked practices' through which diplomats advanced the early implementation of the European Union's far-reaching sanctions regimes against Russia and Syria, the book demonstrates how geoeconomic diplomats depend on their abilities to navigate in complex actor-networks in the interfaces between the public, private, and non-governmental realm.

Kim B. Clark/Takahiro Fujimoto: Product Development Performance. Strategy, Organization and Management in the World Auto Industry. Harvard Business School Press, Boston 1991, 409 Seiten, 29,95 Dollar

At a time when policymakers of the European Union (EU) are pivoting towards a more assertive use of economic power in external relations, this article discusses the merits of situating the much-debated use of economic sanctions and other economic power-based instruments in the broader terminology of EU diplomatic capabilities. Pointing out a number of shortcomings in traditional literature on geoeconomics and economic statecraft, the article applies the concept of "geoeconomic diplomacy" to demonstrate how the EU's geoeconomic success will heavily depend on the abilities of diplomats and civil servants from institutions and member states to engage in viable relationships with relevant public and private actors in the state-market realm. Based hereon, it identifies institutional and context-specific challenges that could affect the comprehensive realisation of recent EU policy reforms relevant to the geoeconomic agenda: (a) institutional measures to ensure a more robust enforcement of sanctions, (b) a new anti-coercion instrument to counter coercive trade practices by third countries, and (c) a more efficient, focused, and strategic utilisation of EU development funds for purposes of stability and peace. The article concludes by discussing the prospects for bringing such instruments closer together at the level of practical implementation through the establishment of stronger relationships between practitioners working across the EU's various geoeconomic intervention areas.

When policy-makers opt for sanctions or other economic power instruments in response to geostrategic challenges, the stage is set for geoeconomic diplomacy. Challenging traditional conceptions about the interplay between governments and markets, this book sheds a new light on the diplomatic actors and processes that shape successful geoeconomic foreign and security policy-making. Unpacking the 'networked practices' through which diplomats advanced the early implementation of the European Union's far-reaching sanctions regimes against Russia and Syria, the book demonstrates how geoeconomic diplomats depend on their abilities to navigate in complex actor-networks in the interfaces between the public, private, and non-governmental realm

Summary
Tasked with the implementation of complex geoeconomic instruments such as trade and investment regulations, targeted economic assistance and sanctions regimes, European ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) are increasingly exposed to a field introduced as geoeconomic diplomacy. This article argues that traditional literature on states' strategic use of economic power has underestimated how MFAs of liberal and tightly integrated market economies are challenged in their abilities to realise geoeconomic objectives. Mitigating such challenges requires diplomats to engage extensively with multiple domestic state and non-state actors relevant to the state-market nexus. Through a comparative case study of France and Germany, the article demonstrates how major European MFAs have recently streamlined their organisational approaches to the geoeconomic field in various ways, and analyses how French and German diplomats were bound to manage multifaceted, yet different, domestic agency relations in their quests to successfully implement the European Union's sanctions regime against Russia in 2014-2016.

The Post-9/11 G.I. Bill has had a tremendous impact on higher education institutions (HEI) across the country. As of 2011, the Veterans Administration (VA) had issued G.I. Bill payments to almost 500,000 veterans. This research examines the effect of the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill on student retention in different types of HEIs in the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia, an area that has a high number of military and military-affiliated residents. Ex post facto data from various institutions have been compared, with a public university, a for-profit college, and a two-year public community college to examine the retention rates of first year students using their Post-9/11 G.I. Bill benefits between 2009 and 2010. This research contributes to the literature in several ways. First, the G.I. Bill, passed in 1944 has had limited research associated with its usage in colleges and universities (DiRamio, Ackerman, & Mitchell, 2008; Rumann, 2009). Second, with the advent of the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill, administrators of HEIs and the federal government are examining this law in two ways: the administrators are examining the amount of money coming in from this benefit and the federal government is examining the amount of money coming in from this benefit and the federal government is examining the number of dollars going out to HEIs. Third, research that has been conducted on the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill deals primarily with qualitative data; this quantitative research will provide benchmark areas for other HEIs to compare themselves as the Hampton Roads region is well represented through the use of the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill (Stripling, 2010).

Television's confrontational reporting practices have made media training necessary for administrators and public officials. With practice, participants can learn to control unnecessary anxiety and appear more credible in media interview situations. Personnel and public relations coordinators can develop in-house media experiences, or choose among external vendors of media training.