Suchergebnisse

As a more industrialized developing country with poor natural resources, the case of Korea is offered to show evidence of diversity in environmentalism in developing countries. Data from a 1994 survey of 861 respondents in Taegu (a highly urbanized & industrializing city) indicate that environmentalism is characterized in diverse ways: (1) as a means for political activists to achieve democracy, (2) for health & safety, & (3) against "the very material effluents of affluence," as well as victim-based environmentalism. The effects on environmentalism of age, religion, & income of the population are also different from those in the US. It is concluded that environmentalism in developing countries is rooted in diverse sources & is qualitatively different from Western environmentalism. Future studies in such countries should take into account natural, economic, political, religious, sociocultural, & objective environmental conditions. 5 Tables, 48 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract. A seismic risk assessment is conducted for cultural heritage sites in Gyeongju, the capital of Korea's ancient Silla Kingdom. Gyeongju, home to UNESCO World Heritage sites, contains remarkable artifacts of Korean Buddhist art. An extensive geotechnical survey including a series of in situ tests is presented, providing pertinent soil profiles for site response analyses on thirty cultural heritage sites. After the shear wave velocity profiles and dynamic material properties were obtained, site response analyses were carried out at each historical site and the amplification characteristics, site period, and response spectrum of the site were determined for the earthquake levels of 2400 yr and 1000 yr return periods based on the Korean seismic hazard map. Response spectrum and corresponding site coefficients obtained from site response analyses considering geologic conditions differ significantly from the current Korean seismic code. This study confirms the importance of site-specific ground response analyses considering local geological conditions. Results are given in the form of the spatial distribution of bedrock depth, site period, and site amplification coefficients, which are particularly valuable in the context of a seismic vulnerability study. This study presents the potential amplification of hazard maps and provides primary data on the seismic risk assessment of each cultural heritage.