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Abstract: Halal means permissible or lawful in Arabic and is applied to both the religious and daily life of Muslims. Islamic Law Shariah requires Muslims to consume halal products only. But with the expansion of supply chains around the world and the development of many
new products, Muslim consumers have found it difficult to confirm whether food is halal or not. Also, as many foods are produced in non- Muslim countries and exported to Muslim countries, interest in halal certification in non-Muslim countries is increasing. With several Islamic countries
strengthening their halal certification regulation for import in recent years, there is no accurate information on whether halal certification is necessary to export to Muslim countries or the Islamic State, and is lack of clear study of the definition of the Islamic State. Therefore, in this
research, we will investigate the constitution and food import regulations of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states, called the Union of Islamic States, to study the definition of Islamic State and whether halal certification is necessary for food exports.

In this paper, we present area-time efficient reconfigurable architectures for the implementation of the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT), which supports all the transform lengths to be used in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). We propose three 1D reconfigurable architectures that can be configured for the computation of the DCT of any of the prescribed lengths such as 4, 8, 16, and 32. It is shown that matrix multiplication schemes involving fewer adders can be used to derive parallel architectures for 1D integer DCT of different lengths. A novel transposition buffer is designed to be used for the proposed 2D DCT architecture, which offers double the throughput without increasing the size of the transposition buffer. We determine the optimal pipeline locations in the proposed design through the precise estimation of propagation delays and the critical path so that the area-delay-product is optimized and all the output samples are obtained in the same cycle in spite of the recursive nature of the structure. Implementation results show that the proposed 2D integer DCT architectures provide significantly higher throughput per unit area than the existing designs for HEVC. ; Published version ; This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2019R1F1A1060820).

Although percutaneous intramedullary nailing of metacarpal fractures is a straightforward and reliable technique, it is not without complications, and patients experience different outcomes. This study analyzed factors affecting fracture healing time and complication rates in patients who underwent percutaneous intramedullary fixation of metacarpal fractures. This study was a retrospective review of the 25 patients who underwent retrograde percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) nailing for fracture of the metacarpal shaft or neck at a military hospital between May 2016 and October 2018. Correlation study and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate variables (age, smoking history in pack-years, body-mass index, fracture site, number of K-wires used) that affect time to bone union. Clinical features of patients with metacarpal neck fractures and those with metacarpal shaft fractures were also compared. The metacarpal shaft fractures (as opposed to metacarpal neck fractures) and higher number of K-wire used were associated with longer time to bone union. Mean union time was significantly longer for metacarpal shaft fracture (8.6 weeks) than for metacarpal neck fracture (6.1 weeks) and for patients who received more K-wires than for those who received less (regression coefficient 1.307). One patient suffered fixation failure and required revision operation, and another experienced superficial infection which was treated with intravenous antibiotics. Percutaneous intramedullary nailing is an effective technique for metacarpal fractures, but fracture site and number of K-wire used affect time to achieve bone union.