Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Peace Process and Civil Society Peacebuilding -- Peace Process -- Peacebuilding -- Civil Society -- Civil Society Peacebuilding in the Korean Peace Process -- Structure of the Book -- Chapter 2 Researching Peacebuilding in Korea: A Peace and Conflict Studies Approach -- What Peace Are We to Build? -- How to Deal with Conflict in Building Peace -- Conflict Sensitivity and Strategic Peacebuilding -- Researching Peacebuilding in the Korean Context -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 The Korean Conflict and Society: A Historical Context -- Geopolitical Location and the Experience of Colonialism -- A Divided Korean Peninsula and Incompatible Goals -- The Korean War -- The Dictatorships -- Justification of Violence -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 The Ups and Downs of the Korean Peace Process: Domestic and Geo-Politics -- The Peace Process and the Authoritarian Regimes -- The End of the Cold War and the Peace Process -- The First Inter-Korean Summit and the Peace Process -- The Six-Party Talks and the Peace Process -- Suspension of the Peace Process and Escalated Tension -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Bringing People Together: Interdependent Peacebuilding -- The History of the Ecumenical Movement in the Korean Conflict -- Meeting Counterparts -- The 88 Declaration -- Interdependent Relationship Building -- Challenges and Possibilities in Interdependent Peacebuilding -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Mobilising People in Response to State Violence: Building Just Peace -- Mobilising People Against State Violence -- Overcoming the Division-System -- Promoting Peace Against the Militarism -- Advocating for North Korean Human Rights in South Korea -- Holding States Accountable for the just Peace Process -- Conclusion.

AbstractThis article explores the challenges and contributions of women in building and sustaining peace in protracted conflicts by conducting a comparative case study on Northern Ireland and Korea. Similarities in the histories of the conflicts and the concurrences in the peace processes have been attracting policy makers and researchers to share lessons between the Northern Ireland and Korean peace processes. However, the peacebuilding role of women and their transversal perspective have not yet received significant attention compared to the high-level agreements, signed predominantly by male politicians. This article identifies the similarities in the peacebuilding activities of women in Northern Ireland and Korea, in terms of their recognition of the interconnection between identity politics and patriarchy, building relationships across the divide through transversal dialogue, and initiating nonviolent peace movements against the militarism of their societies. The comparative case study also shows dissimilarities between the two cases, with regard to the freedom of women to move beyond boundaries, and being part of the official peace process. This article concludes the role of women in both contexts is a key element in sustainable peacebuilding; however, it appears that women's peacebuilding would not be able to reach its full potential to break down violent structures in conflict-affected societies, as long as their transversal perspective remains at the level of social movement, not part of peacebuilding at all levels of societies, including high-level negotiations.

In both Northern Ireland and Korea, the euphoria following significant breakthroughs towards peace in the late 1990s and early 2000s turned into deep frustration when confronted by continuous stalemates in implementing the agreements. I explore the two peace processes by examining and comparing the breakthroughs and breakdowns of both, in order to identify potential lessons that can be shared for a sustainable peace process. Using a comparative case study, I demonstrate the parallels in historical analyses of why the agreements in the late 1990s and early 2000s in Northern Ireland and Korea were expected to be more durable than those of the 1970s. I also examine the differences between the two peace processes in the course of addressing major challenges for sustaining the two processes: disarmament; relationships between hard-line parties; cross-community initiatives. These parallels and differences inform which lessons can be shared between Northern Ireland and Korea to increase the durability of the peace processes. The comparative case study finds that the commitment of high-level leadership in both conflict parties to keeping negotiation channels open for dialogue and to allowing space for civic engagement is crucial in a sustainable peace process, and that sharing lessons between the two peace processes can be beneficial in finding opportunities to overcome challenges and also for each process to be reminded of lessons from its own past experience.

The expectations for the role of civil society are growing due to an abysmal record of high-level political leadership in reaching an agreement and a sustainable peace process. How much impact can civil society have and what roles can it take in the peace process? This case study of South Korean civil society shows how the civil society was able to bridge the horizontal and vertical boundaries of the Korean conflict with the support of a global civil society, and created a hospitable public atmosphere for the peace process in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the space for the civil society to make a contribution in the Korean peace process required the interdependency of the roles of high-level and civil-society leadership in the interplay between the international and domestic political environments. The peacebuilding role of South Korean civil society demonstrates that the horizontal capacity of civil society alone cannot guarantee a breakthrough and sustainability in a peace process, but if it is coordinated with the vertical capacity, civil-society peacebuilding can be a useful platform for sustainable peacebuilding.

This article discusses the link between development and peacebuilding to analyze South Korean aid activities in North Korea in the context of the Korean conflict, where there are deep-rooted cycles of conflict episodes, and to explore the possibility of aid for peace on the Korean peninsula in the future. The Korean conflict is a large part of what makes South Korean aid to North Korea ineffective. For the past 20 years, South Korean aid to North Korea has fluctuated greatly, due to the context of the Korean conflict. The Korean conflict, once seemingly on the way to resolution, appears to have reverted to a time before the end of the Cold War. Many people in both the North and the South still see each other as the enemy. Most of the South Korean aid projects in North Korea have been suspended indefinitely and the fluctuation of aid to North Korea caused serious debates within South Korean society. At one point, the debates grew so heated that they were called the 'South-South conflict'. Building on the conceptual framework of conflict sensitive development and strategic peacebuilding, this article argues that, to overcome the current impasse, all stakeholders must better understand the context of the Korean conflict and the interaction between the context and themselves, and develop a comprehensive strategy together, to encompass the multiple issues raised by the Korean conflict, as strategic peacebuilding proposes. (Pac Rev/GIGA)

Peace processes and comparative research in Ireland, Korea and beyond / Dong Jin Kim and David Mitchell -- The colonial origins of the conflicts in Ireland and Korea / Maja Vodopivec -- Memory, reconciliation and mourning : breaking the cycle of violence and building peace in Ireland / Geraldine Smyth -- The Korean War and public diplomacy : dilemmas of remembering the forgotten war / Kyungmook Kim -- Peace agreements and elite level peacemaking in Ireland and Korea : governance, security and context / Dong Jin Kim and David Mitchell -- Ecumenical engagements for building civil society : the Corrymeela Community and the Korea Christian Academy / Kiho Yi and Derick Wilson -- The peacebuilding role of women within and between Ireland and Korea / Gillian Wylie and Dong Jin Kim -- Sport for peace : comparing contributions and constraints in Ireland and Korea / David Mitchell and Dan Gudgeon -- Supporting peacebuilding through socio-economic development in Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic of Ireland : sharing lessons for the Korean peace process / Sandra Buchanan and Dong Jin Kim -- The geopolitics, structures of division and just peace in Northern Ireland, Sri Lanka and Korea : comparative reflections for mutual empowerment / Jude Lal Fernando.

The structural dynamics of the Korean conflict has evolved not only with the inter-Korean rivalry, but also the geopolitics of great power rivalries. The conflict structure was reinforced going through the Korean War and the Cold War. There have been several South Korean initiatives to build peace with North Korea in the post-Cold War era, however the peace process fluctuated due to the escalation of the US-North Korean conflict over the nuclear and missile development of North Korea, and the dispute over North Korea policy in the South Korean society. Building on the sociological understanding of 'duality of structure' and the biological insight of 'niche construction', this article demonstrates the South Korean potential, as a democratic state, to construct a niche space for its citizens' peacebuilding with North Korea under the ongoing Korean conflict structure, as well as its limitations in protecting the space before scaling out the disruption of the conflict structure, when governments do not have a clear sense of agency about their policy due to the lack of consensus among its citizens. (Pac Rev / GIGA)

One of the capacities of civil society in peace processes is the promotion of peace-oriented attitudes among citizens through peace education. This article investigates how civil society peace education may be enhanced through collaboration with counterparts in another conflict arena. The article begins by discussing the potential and pitfalls of the comparison of peace/conflict contexts. The empirical findings are based on interviews and focus groups with peace educators in Northern Ireland and South Korea who have engaged in dialogue and partnerships with each other, and they indicate perceived benefits and impact of both the comparative learning to the personnel and the partnership to the organisations. The discussion sets out an ideal model of the peace educative impacts of comparative learning and encounter. Overall, the findings show how local-to-local engagements between peace processes can support the civil society contribution to peacebuilding.