Suchergebnisse

A model explaining fertility behavior in Korea is developed that takes into account both individual & community-level differences, based on data from the 1974 Korean National Fertility Survey & government statistics on a birth cohort of then currently married women aged 40-44. Multiple regression analysis indicates that SE development results in increased age at first birth & reduced number of children. SE development is accompanied by desires for smaller family size, creating the conditions for fertility decline even in the absence of a national family planning program; however, Korea's fertility decline was facilitated by such programs. 10 Tables, 1 Figure, 52 References. Modified AA

This article analyzes cross-national variations and longitudinal changes in the duration of the reigns of monarchs. Data cover 439 monarchs from 10 selected nations for the period from 877 to 1972. Using multiple classification analysis, we examine the effects of kinship type of succession, cause of removal of predecessor, age at ascent, duration of life, nation, and year of ascent on the duration of monarchical reigns. The results of our analysis indicate that about 43% of successions to the throne have been by the eldest sons, and the monarchs whose successions have been on the principles of the primogeniture system have tended to have longer durations of reign than those who have gained their monarchical power through other types of succession systems. The five independent variables jointly account for up to 37% of the variance in the duration of the reigns of monarchs. Significant cross-national and European-Asian variations in the characteristics of monarchs are observed. However, no consistent historical trends in causal relationships are apparent from observed interrelationships between variables.

Abstract  This study aims to explain similarity and difference in geographic proximity between elderly parents and their children in Korea and Japan. Using data sets from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Korea and Japan, this study examines the extent to which needs and kinship of elderly parents and regional constraints influence intergenerational coresidence and nearness.Results highlight a complex feature of intergenerational relationship in Korea and Japan. Advanced economic and health conditions of Korean elderly parents increase the likelihood of living with children. For Japanese elderly parents, however, coresidence with children is significantly likely to occur in response to their disadvantaged economic status. These results suggest that the elderly Korean are more likely than the elderly Japanese to lack not only economic and health resources but also opportunities in obtaining family support in a time of need.Characteristics of children, however, show a similar trend between the two societies. Both societies maintain a strong son preference for extended family living arrangement. Eldest children in both societies are more likely than their siblings to live with or near elderly parents. However, children of younger cohorts in both societies are significantly more likely than those of older cohorts to maintain a disperse geographic network indicating a significant change in family attitude among different cohorts.Finally, this study finds a more disperse family network among rural elderly parents than urban elderly parents in both societies reflecting the fact that massive rural‐to‐urban migration of young population has contributed to geographic segregation of kinship in these societies.

The sprawling cities of the developing world are vibrant hubs of economic growth, but they are also increasingly ecologically unsustainable and, for ordinary citizens, increasingly unlivable. Pollution is rising, affordable housing is decreasing, and green space is shrinking. Since three-quarters of those joining the world's population during the next century will live in Third World cities, making these urban areas more livable is one of the key challenges of the twenty-first century. This book explores the linked issues of livelihood and ecological sustainability in major cities of the developing and transitional world. Livable Cities? identifies important strategies for collective solutions by showing how political alliances among local communities, nongovernmental organizations, and public agencies can help ordinary citizens live better lives