Suchergebnisse

In Korea, the Organ Transplantation Act came into effect in 2000, establishing the Korean Network for Organ Sharing (KONOS) with centralized authority for organ procurement as well as for approval of donors and recipients to ensure fair organ allocation. However, the number of brain-dead donors decreased sharply, and the organ allocation system proved inefficient. The government revised the Organ Transplantation Act in August 2002, introducing an incentive system. If a transplantation hospital formed a Committee for Brain Death Evaluation and a Hospital Organ Procurement Organization, it could receive a kidney from a brain dead-donor as an incentive to foster organ procurement regardless of the KONOS wait list. The government also launched a pilot brain-dead donor registry program to strengthen Hospital Organ Procurement Organization activity. If local hospitals collaborated with specialized hospitals in organ procurement, local hospitals obtained financial incentives. But because the organ shortage problem has not been resolved, the government has proposed four initiatives: first, broadening the incentive system, which makes it possible to give each specialized hospital a choice of one of eight organs from each donor as an incentive; second, development of an Independent Organ Procurement Organization; third introduction of an opt-out system; and last, improvement of the Committee for Brain Death Evaluation system. It is uncertain which initiatives will be adopted, but changes in organ procurement systems are nonetheless considered a key to solve the organ shortage problem in Korea. ; CHO WH, 2008, J KOREAN SOC TRANSPL, V22, P109 ; Liu B, 2007, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V13, P955 ; YAN LN, 2007, SICHUAN XUE XUE BAO, V38, P513 ; *KONOS, 2007, ANN REP 2007 ; Hwang S, 2006, LIVER TRANSPLANT, V12, P920, DOI 10.1002/lt.20734 ; Ito T, 2003, TRANSPLANTATION, V76, P158, DOI 10.1097/01.TP.0000072372.42396.47 ; Rinella ME, 2001, LIVER TRANSPLANT, V7, P409 ; *ORG TRANSPL REG C, 1999, J KOREAN SOC TRANSPL, V13, P185 ; Luyckx FH, 1998, INT J OBESITY, V22, P222, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800571 ; HAN SS, 1998, J KOREAN ACAD NURS, V28, P26 ; KANG HK, 1998, J KOREAN SOC TRANSPL, V12, P75 ; Stotland BR, 1996, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V91, P1295 ; PLOEG RJ, 1993, TRANSPLANTATION, V55, P807 ; LEE IS, 1993, J KOREAN SOC TRANSPL, V7, P1 ; KIM BG, 1993, J KOREAN SOC TRANSPL, V7, P11 ; LIU TY, 1990, GAOXIONG YI XUE KE X, V6, P289 ; VANNESS MM, 1989, ANN INTERN MED, V111, P473 ; CHOI US, 1988, SEJONG MED J, V5, P159 ; 0

AbstractBackgroundAttributions are cognitive variables that influence a person's behaviour. Although a large volume of research has been conducted on the attributions of support staff with regard to challenging behaviour (CB) exhibited by people with intellectual disabilities (ID), studies on patterns of attributional dimensions (i.e. attributional styles) are scarce.MethodUsing semi‐structured interviews, 19 support staff members were asked to describe incidents of aggressive, self‐injurious and sexualized challenging behaviour. Data on attributions were analysed using the Leeds Attributional Coding System.ResultsFour attributional styles differed significantly for aggressive, self‐injurious and sexualized challenging behaviour. In addition, support staff members largely attributed these three types of CB to characteristics and behaviour of clients with ID.ConclusionsThe results indicate that it is important to train support staff to recognize and understand the ways in which their attributions and behaviour influence the existence and maintenance of CB.

A classic T-cell phenotype in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the downregulation and replacement of the CD3ζ chain that alters T-cell receptor signaling. However, genetic associations with SLE in the human CD247 locus that encodes CD3ζ are not well established and require replication in independent cohorts. Our aim was therefore to examine, localize and validate CD247-SLE association in a large multiethnic population. We typed 44 contiguous CD247 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8922 SLE patients and 8077 controls from four ethnically distinct populations. The strongest associations were found in the Asian population (11 SNPs in intron 1, 4.99 × 10(-4) < P < 4.15 × 10(-2)), where we further identified a five-marker haplotype (rs12141731-rs2949655-rs16859085-rs12144621-rs858554; G-G-A-G-A; P(hap) = 2.12 × 10(-5)) that exceeded the most associated single SNP rs858554 (minor allele frequency in controls = 13%; P = 4.99 × 10(-4), odds ratio = 1.32) in significance. Imputation and subsequent association analysis showed evidence of association (P < 0.05) at 27 additional SNPs within intron 1. Cross-ethnic meta-analysis, assuming an additive genetic model adjusted for population proportions, showed five SNPs with significant P-values (1.40 × 10(-3) < P< 3.97 × 10(-2)), with one (rs704848) remaining significant after Bonferroni correction (P(meta) = 2.66 × 10(-2)). Our study independently confirms and extends the association of SLE with CD247, which is shared by various autoimmune disorders and supports a common T-cell-mediated mechanism. ; National Institutes of Health grants: (UL1RR025741, K24AR002138, P602AR30692, P01AR49084, UL1TR000165, P01AI083194, RO1AR43814, P60AR053308, UL1TR000004, AR43727, R21AI070304, RO1AR057172, UL1RR025014, R01AR051545-03, UL1RR029882, P60AR062755, P30AR53483, U19AI082714, P30GM103510, U01AI101934, AI063274, AR056360, AI083194, R37AI024717, P01083194, P01AR049084, PR094002); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Alabama Birmingham; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; University of California Los Angeles; University of California San Francisco; Hopkins University; University of Colorado School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Seattle Children's Research Institute Arthritis Foundation; Medical University of South Carolina; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; US Departments of Defense grant: (PR094002); Veterans Affairs; Alliance for Lupus Research; Kirkland Scholar Award; Korea Healthcare technology R & D project: (A121983); Ministry for Health and Welfare; Republic of Korea; Swedish Research Council; Instituto de Salud Carlos III grant: (PS09/00129); European Union FEDER funds; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia fellowships: (SFRH/BPD/29354/2006, SFRH/BPD/34648/2007).

Austrian de la Recherche Scientifique ; Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science ; CERN ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS) ; Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport ; Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus ; Ministry of Education and Research ; European Regional Development Fund, Estonia ; Academy of Finland ; Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture ; Helsinki Institute of Physics ; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives / CEA, France ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece ; National Scientific Research Foundation ; National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary ; Department of Atomic Energy ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran ; Science Foundation, Ireland ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy ; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ; World Class University program of NRF, Republic of Korea ; Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ; CINVESTAV ; CONACYT ; SEP ; UASLP-FAI ; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education ; National Science Centre, Poland ; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal ; JINR, Dubna ; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation ; Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation ; Russian Academy of Sciences ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research ; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia ; Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion ; Programa Consolider-Ingenio, Spain ; ETH Board ; ETH Zurich ; PSI ; SNF ; UniZH ; Canton Zurich ; SER ; National Science Council, Taipei ; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics ; Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand ; Special Task Force for Activating Research ; National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand ; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey ; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority ; Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K. ; US Department of Energy ; US National Science Foundation ; Marie-Curie programme ; European Research Council ; EPLANET (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of Czech Republic ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino) ; HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science ; EU, Regional Development Fund ; Thalis and Aristeia programmes ; EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; Ministry of Education and ResearchSF0690030s09 ; A measurement of the Z gamma -> nu(nu) over bar gamma cross section in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV is presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector. This measurement is based on the observation of events with an imbalance of transverse energy in excess of 130 GeV and a single photon in the absolute pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar nugamma production cross section is measured to be 21.1 +/- 4.2(stat.)+/- 4.3(syst.)+/- 0.5(lum.)fb, which agrees with the standard model prediction of 21.9 +/- 1.1 fb. The results are combined with the CMS measurement of Z gamma production in the l(+)l(-)gamma final state (where l is an electron or a muon) to yield the most stringent limits to date on triple gauge boson couplings. vertical bar h(3)(Z)vertical bar < 2.7 x 10(-3), vertical bar h(4)(Z)vertical bar < 1.3 x 10(-5) for ZZ gamma and vertical bar h(3)(gamma)vertical bar < 2.9 x 10(-3), vertical bar h(4)(gamma)vertical bar < 1.5 x 10(-5) for Z gamma gamma couplings.