Suchergebnisse

We investigated whether or not liars, as compared to truth tellers, would have an attentional bias for concealed information. To identify attentional avoidant patterns in liars, we measured their eye movements with an eye tracker. The participants were 54 students who had made their
own choice about which of 2 groups they would join: the guilty group (n = 27), who were presented with a theft-crime mission to perform, or the nonguilty group (n = 27), who were presented with a legal mission. During the deception detection process, the eye tracker was used
to measure participants' attentional bias according to their eye movements while they were presented with pairs of crime-relevant, crime-irrelevant, and neutral stimuli. Results showed that both the guilty and nonguilty groups speedily detected crime-relevant stimuli, but the guilty group
became avoidant toward these stimuli, whereas the nonguilty group did not display an avoidant pattern.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of passive back-support exosuit on postural control and cognitive performance during a fatigue-inducing posture maintenance task. Background Wearable support systems (exoskeletons/exosuits) reduce physical demands but may also influence postural control and cognitive performance by reducing muscular fatigue. Method Eighteen participants visited on two different days to test an exosuit system and performed dual-task cognitive assessments based on human information processing (information acquisition, information integration, and action implementation) while maintaining a 35° trunk flexion posture for 16 minutes. Center-of-pressure (CoP), cognitive performance, and perceived workload were recorded, while erector spinae muscle activity was captured to quantify muscle fatigue. Results The exosuit was effective in reducing erector spinae muscle fatigue during the static posture maintenance task (61% less in Δmedian frequency: −9.5 Hz (EXO-Off) versus −3.7 Hz (EXO-On)). The fatigue-inducing task increased CoP velocity as a function of time (29% greater: 9.3 mm/sec (pre) versus 12.0 mm/sec (post)), and exosuit use decreased CoP velocity (23% less: 12.1 mm/sec (EXO-Off) versus 9.4 mm/sec (EXO-On)). The exosuit was also effective at mitigating cognitive degradation, as evidenced by a higher hit-to-signal ratio (8% greater: 81.3 (EXO-Off) versus 87.9 (EXO-On)) in the information integration task and reducing perceived workload in all stages of human information processing. Conclusion Exosuit provided benefits of postural control and information integration processing during a 16-min static posture maintenance task. Application Torso exoskeletons/suits can have positive implications for occupations with concurrent physical and cognitive demands.

BACKGROUND: Forests are atmospheric carbon sinks, whose natural growth can contribute to climate change mitigation. However, they are also affected by climate change and various other phenomena, for example, the low growth of coniferous forests currently reported globally, including in the Republic of Korea. In response to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, the Korean government has proposed 2030 greenhouse gas roadmap to achieve a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), and the forest sector set a sequestration target of 26 million tons by 2030. In this study, the Korean forest growth model (KO-G-Dynamic model) was used to analyze various climate change and forest management scenarios and their capacity to address the NDC targets. A 2050 climate change adaptation strategy is suggested based on forest growth and CO(2) sequestration. RESULTS: Forest growth was predicted to gradually decline, and CO(2) sequestration was predicted to reach 23 million tons per year in 2050 if current climate and conditions are maintained. According to the model, sequestrations of 33 million tCO(2) year(−1) in 2030 and 27 million tCO(2) year(−1) in 2050 can be achieved if ideal forest management is implemented. It was also estimated that the current forest management budget of 317 billion KRW (264 million USD) should be twice as large at 722 billion KRW (602 million USD) in the 2030s and 618 billion KRW (516 million USD) in the 2050s to achieve NDC targets. CONCLUSIONS: The growth trend in Korea's forests transitions from young-matured stands to over-mature forests. The presented model-based forest management plans are an appropriate response and can increase the capacity of Korea to achieve its NDC targets. Such a modeling can help the forestry sector develop plans and policies for climate change adaptation.

OBJECTIVE: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is sometimes used to search for cardioembolic sources after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). TEE visualizes some sources better than transthoracic echocardiography, but TEE is invasive and may cause aspiration. Few data exist on the risk of respiratory complications after TEE in patients who had stroke or TIA. Our objective was to determine whether TEE was associated with increased risk of respiratory failure in patients who had ischemic stroke or TIA. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from inpatient and outpatient insurance claims collected by the US federal government's Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. SETTING: Hospitals and outpatient clinics throughout the USA. PARTICIPANTS: 99 081 patients ≥65 years old hospitalized for out-of-hospital ischemic stroke or TIA, defined by validated International Classification of Disease-9/10 diagnosis codes and present-on-admission codes, using claims data from 2008 to 2018 in a random 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Acute respiratory failure, defined as endotracheal intubation and/or mechanical ventilation, starting on the first day after admission through 28 days afterward. RESULTS: Of 99 081 patients included in this analysis, 73 733 (74.4%) had an ischemic stroke and 25 348 (25.6%) a TIA. TEE was performed in 4677 (4.7%) patients and intubation and/or mechanical ventilation in 1403 (1.4%) patients. The 28-day cumulative risk of respiratory failure after TEE (1.4%; 95% CI 0.8% to 2.7%) was similar to that seen in those without TEE (1.4%; 95% CI 1.4% to 1.5%) (p=0.84). After adjustment for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidities, diagnosis of stroke versus TIA, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy, TEE was not associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure (HR, 0.9; 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2). CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of older patients who had ischemic stroke or TIA, TEE was not associated with an increased risk ...