Suchergebnisse

On the back of the emerging trend in global cross-border e-commerce, Chinese cross-border online shopping has exhibited extraordinary growth. This phenomenon provides Korean manufacturers and e-commerce platforms with invaluable opportunities to expand into a broader market via e-commerce exports. Accordingly, future strategies should focus on attracting new Chinese consumers, building a powerful brand image and improving product quality and post-purchase services, while taking full advantage of the popularity of the Korean Wave. Meanwhile, the government must step up policy efforts such as improving e-commerce export statistics, simplifying logistics and clearance procedures, and building Chinese consumers΄ trust. - This study conducted a survey on Chinese cross border online shoppers' experiences of buying Korean products to draw implications for corporate strategy and policy-making to boost e-commerce exports. - B2C is expected to drive the future growth of China's e-commerce. - Chinese cross-border online shopping has expanded incredibly fast and is projected to record 200-400 trillion won in size by 2018. - Korea Customs Service's clearance records are not suitable to understand the current situation of Korea's e-commerce exports. - China is Korea's largest e-commerce export market and e-commerce exports to China present valuable opportunities for Korean manufacturers to broaden their market. - At present, there are no statistics available on e-commerce exports via Chinese platforms. - A considerable portion of Chinese consumers' online shopping of Korean products seems to be done via Chinese platforms. - Main reasons for Chinese consumers to not buy Korean products online include limited knowledge of Korean brands and the lack of conasumer trust in post-purchase services, product quality and authenticity. - Main reasons for Chinese consumers' online purchases of Korean products include their preference for Korean brands and trust in product quality and authenticity. - The Korean-Wave is found to actually affect Chinese consumers' initial purchase of Korean products online. - Almost 99% of Chinese consumers with online shopping experience of Korean products expressed their intent to repurchase. - The Korean Wave, product quality and price, and information provision are factors affecting Chinese consumers' repurchase intention. - Given the fact that Chinese cross-border online shopping is at the incipient stage and consumers have expressed a strong - intent to repurchase, customer conversion should take precedence. - Statistics on e-commerce exports conducted through Chinese platforms should be provided. - By simplifying logistics and clearance procedures, the Korean government can help domestic manufacturers strengthen their competitiveness with regards to the needs of Chinese consumers. - Policy support is also necessary for the protection of Chinese consumers.

Abstract
In recent years, studies of citizen satisfaction have increasingly relied on the expectancy–disconfirmation model, which highlights the role that expectations play in driving citizen evaluations of government services. But most empirical studies within public administration of the relationship between expectations and satisfaction indicate that expectations have little-to-no net effect on satisfaction. We argue that these results may be largely driven by the weaknesses of existing measurement approaches and inattention in many studies to the distinction between two types of expectations: those about what should happen (normative expectations) versus those about what will happen (predictive expectations). Distinguishing between these two types of expectations is important because they are likely to have different—and perhaps even opposite—effects on satisfaction. We recruited 972 US residents via Amazon's Mechanical Turk to complete a survey vignette experiment and found that normative expectations are strongly (and negatively) related to satisfaction levels, whereas predictive expectations are barely related to satisfaction at all. We also find that comparative performance information generally has a much stronger effect on predictive expectations than on normative expectations. These findings suggest that theories of satisfaction should more consistently distinguish between different types of expectations. Our results also leave us somewhat optimistic about the ability of ordinary residents to follow a reasonable process when assigning normative meaning to performance information.

AbstractThis paper explores the dynamics of trade negotiations over over‐the‐top (OTT) video streaming services (VSS) in the multilateral trading system. Specifically, it compares specific commitments made under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and offers submitted to the Doha Round negotiations by the European Union and the United States, and examines the two countries' recent domestic media regulatory reforms in order to delineate major negotiation issues for OTT VSS. The findings of the analysis suggest that the EU continues to take an 'all‐or‐nothing' negotiating strategy while the US takes a 'salami‐slice' strategy on OTT VSS to pursue the utmost trade liberalization in the sector. The case study of OTT VSS highlights fundamental issues central to the ongoing services trade negotiations in the digital era. It may provide policymakers with significant implications regarding digital trade policy.

Research on citizen satisfaction has emphasized the role of service quality (including expectations for quality) in shaping citizens' evaluations of public services. This article considers an understudied but important aspect of public service delivery—equity—and investigates how disparities in service outcomes between disadvantaged and advantaged groups affect citizens' evaluations of service providers. This study also examines whether citizens with different socioeconomic status (SES) have different perceptions toward the outcome disparities. Using individual-level data from secondary schools, we find that service users appear to recognize and care about a performance gap among social strata. Even when a student's individual outcome is held constant, satisfaction varies with the school-level performance gap between high-SES and low-SES students. This finding suggests that service users are concerned about not just their outcomes but also the relative positioning of outcomes for those of their own social group compared with other groups.