Introduction to the Special Issue by Edward A. Olsen South Korea-North Korea Relations: Influence of the PSI on North Korea by Myung Jin Kim China Policy Towards North Korea and its Implications for the United States: Balancing Competing Concerns by Christopher P. Twomey Beijing's Pyongyang Dilemma: Encouraging International Patience with a Troublesome Ally by Lyman Miller North Korea's Foreign Policy Towards the United States by Daniel A. Pinkston U.S. Policy Towards North Korea: Context and Options by Edward A. Olsen
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a relatively uncommon malignant tumour derived from smooth muscle cells that rapidly metastasizes to distant regions. It rarely reaches oral tissues in which smooth muscle tissues are absent. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with LMS in the maxilla that had metastasized from a primary tumour in her uterus, received a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo–oophorectomy 9 months earlier. To reveal the poor prognosis of metastatic LMS, a total of 26 antibodies against different factors related to the proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and angiogenesis were simultaneously applied on the immunohistochemistry and immuno-blot detection in order to screen for expression n of different proteins in the metastatic LMS. Compared with the immunoreactions of primary uterine LMS, the different antibodies for cellular proliferation, i.e., proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), multiple primary neoplasm-2 (MPN-2), Max, p21, CDK4, p53, Rb-1, Bad, Bcl-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), C-erbb2, Maspin, and DMBT-1, and those for angiogenesis, i.e., vWF, CD31, and Angiogenin, were more intensely expressed, while Bax, p16, Wnt-1, E-cadherin, and APC were relatively weakly expressed. In particular, beta-catenin was densely localized to the nuclei of tumour cells. These data suggest that rapid proliferation of the tumour cells is related to over-expression of different oncogenes, and that the infiltrative growth and early distant metastasis of these tumour cells are related to over-expression of angiogenesis factors. A total of seven cases of metastatic LMS to the oral cavity that had been published in the English literature were reviewed, and the reason for the poor prognosis in the metastatic LMS is suggested in this case report. ; This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF- 2009-R1A4A002-0075286).
Given the current unprecedented multiple pandemics of COVID-19, anti-Black and anti-Asian violence, and white supremacy, we—a group of graduate students and a faculty member who hold diverse identities across disciplines, race, gender, nationality, and additional categories—came together to focus on qualitative research as an ontological, epistemological, and axiological space toward community and culture change. Specifically, we took up scholarly personal narrative, which centers postmodernism and focuses on the reality that "we see what we believe; we observe what we narrate; we transform what we reframe." What emerged were radical interrelated understandings of privilege, guilt, and the importance of kinship. As such, this vulnerable group reflected on graduate student experiences with multiple pandemics and how the academy may enact transformative change, reframing our own understandings of qualitative space.
