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Conscript military service is a pivotal experience for young Israelis of both genders. Juxtaposing conflicting claims concerning women's military experience—the women's marginalization claim and the youth moratorial self-enhancing claim—we compare men's and women's retrospective evaluations of six aspects of their service in the Israeli army: hardship, adaptation, motivation, investment, service significance, and personal benefits. Military service was found to be as meaningful and benefiting for women no less than for men. However, the dynamics of the moratorium experience differ by gender, in keeping with the differentiated substance and gendered social construction of their military roles.

Provides a response to the comments made on the article "Who are the Palestinian Suicide Bombers?". Adapted from the source document.

This paper is a behavioral and strategic analysis of Palestinian Chairman, Yassir Arafat. The research is qualitatively compiled, using broad samples of behavior, referring to thoughts, feelings, and actions that have been reported in the media over a long period of time and in different
situations. The method used is based upon data collection, classification into content categories and types of information, and analysis. The behavioral and strategic analysis emerged from 25 content categories, each of them describing patterns of behavior. The categories were divided into
three major sections: (a) distinctive traits that characterize Yassir Arafat today; (b) functional characteristics and leadership style; and (c) strategic analysis.

The current study measured national resilience (NR) in three different time frames during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel (N = 804). We investigated two main issues: first, the direction and extent of NR changes during the crisis, and second, the predictors of NR. The results show the following: (a) the average NR score declined significantly across the three repeated measures, with a medium-size effect. (b) Three of the four identified NR factors declined significantly across the three measurements: belief in the government and the prime minister (large effect size); belief in civil society; and patriotism (medium effect size); while trust in Israeli national institutions was the lowest and did not weaken significantly. (c) Analyzing the prediction of NR factors indicated that the levels of the three NR factors mainly reflected one's political attitudes, sense of political and economic threats, rather than health threats. One conclusion concerns the importance of trust in leadership as the most sensitive component in the decline of national resilience following a crisis.

The current study uses a repeated measures design to compare two-time points across the COVID-19 pandemic. The first was conducted at the end of the "first wave" [T1] and the second was carried out on October 12-14 2020 (the last period of the second total general lockdown) in Israel. The participants (N = 805) completed the same questionnaire at both time points. The study examined the predictions of hope and morale at T2 by psychological and demographic predictors at T1. Results indicated the following: (a) The three types of resilience (individual, community, and national) significantly and positively predicted hope and morale. (b) Well-being significantly and positively predicted hope and morale. (c) Younger age significantly and positively predicts higher hope, but not morale. (d) A higher level of religiosity significantly and positively predicts higher hope and morale. (e) More right-wing political attitudes significantly and positively predict higher hope, but not moral. (f) More economic difficulties due to the pandemic, significantly and negatively predict hope and morale. We concluded that hope and morale can serve as significant indicators of the population's ability to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, they can serve as a "thermometer" for the general mood of the population and can be used by decision-makers to assess coping ability at varied stages of the pandemic.