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Problem setting. The radicalization of society is possible in countries with different political regimes. Finding out the reasons leading to the processes of radicalization is the first step in developing programs for counter-radicalization and de-radicalization. Recent research and publications analysis. Various approaches to defining radicalization, its types and models have been studied. The understanding of radicalization as a process is noted. Methodological approaches to the modelling of radicalization are considered. Various ideas of scientists about the reasons, nature, characteristics of radicalization are investigated. Attention is drawn to the study of the mechanisms of involvement in the process of radicalization. The importance of the functional and descriptive definition of radicalization, such types of radicalization as the radicalization of thoughts and the radicalization of actions (K. McCauley, S. Moskalenko) is noted. The author agrees to the conclusion of A. P. Schmid about the possibility of radicalization of both non-state actors and state ones. There is a growing interest of scientists in the problem of radicalization in the digital era. It is indicated that the goal of many studies is to develop recommendations for the prevention of radicalization (counter-radicalization) and deradicalization. Paper objective. Study of the causes of radicalization of society in countries with different political regimes. Paper main body. Possible reasons for the radicalization of society are considered. It is noted that sometimes the assumption of the authorities regarding the real reasons for the radicalization of society can be erroneous. The author notes the difficulty of identifying the causes of radicalization under an authoritarian regime due to the lack of feedback from society and government. The importance of empirical research on the radicalization of society is pointed out. Specific examples of radicalization are given, confirming the existence of cause-and-effect relationships in political ...

Problem setting. Countries participating in wars usually differ in their potential. Interest in the question of the possibility of those countries, which are inferior to other countries in their potentials, to defeat a stronger adversary, increases in periods of exacerbation of interstate relations and in times of war. One of the types of asymmetric wars is hybrid warfare. In hybrid wars, they use an exhaustion strategy. This strategy involves not only the exhaustion of economic, military, but also psychological - the loss of the will to win. Recent research and publications analysis. The subject ofstudies of asymmetric wars now is the study of their essence and features, an increase in the number ofparticipants in such wars. Scientists distinguish asymmetries in war as different legal status, opportunities, different strategies. Much attention is paid to the study of asymmetric hybrid warfare. It is believed that the strategy in this war is the strategy of exhaustion. Ways to avoid war exhaustion and the technologies that contribute to it are also a subject of study. Paper objective. The objectives of the research is to study the features of asymmetric hybrid wars, the possibility of applying a depletion strategy by countries that are inferior to the enemy in potential, determination of the possibility of using the strategy ofexhaustion of Ukraine in a hybrid war against the aggressor country. Paper main body. An indication of asymmetric wars is the difference in the potential of warring countries. Countries participating in asymmetric wars can choose the depletion strategy regardless of their potential. The choice of a depletion strategy by a country can depend on both the desire to achieve the desired result without significant human loss and the understanding that forces are unequal, that it is impossible to defeat the enemy by military means. The methods of exhaustion can be applied differently. The aggressor country can achieve its goals by combining military operations with actions to destabilize the ...

The article discusses one of the types of crimes, specifically political crimes. It emphasizes that the research remains relevant and significant in democratic countries. While conditions have been created in such countries to reduce the factors that lead to political crimes, the occurrence of such crimes has not been completely eliminated. The study aims to clarify the characteristics of contemporary political crimes. The author points out that despite the long history of research into this phenomenon, there is still no universally accepted definition for the concept of "political crime." In most definitions of political crime, these crimes are typically associated with the pursuit, maintenance, and use of power. The article focuses on the main issues that currently pique the interest of researchers analyzing political crimes, and it presents a classification based on the subjects and objects of these crimes. Studying both the individuals who commit political crimes and their victims is crucial to understanding the specificities of these crimes. The article draws attention to the fact that labeling actions within the political sphere as "criminal" is contingent upon various factors, including systems of values, established norms and regulations, societal norms, and the influence of media on public awareness. Trust in authorities and their legitimacy also plays a role. Furthermore, the article presents models that demonstrate shifts in attitudes towards revolutions, uprisings, and the reassessment of actions that were once considered "criminal." These shifts can be attributed to changes in the political and social systems. The author highlights that these alterations could be linked to transformations in the political and social systems.