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Why, many Americans rightly ask, can material racial inequality and widespread segregation still persist fifty years after the enactment of key civil rights legislation and eight years after the election of an African American to the nation's highest office? Many from outside the United States pose similar questions about modern America. The explanation, I argue lies with inconsistent and fluctuating levels of federal engagement to building material racial equality. National engagement fluctuates because it is energetically resisted and challenged, by opponents of racial progress. This vulnerability to disruption is exposed by varying strategies of resistance, some fiscal, some violent, some judicial, some desultory and some combining violent protest against change with local electoral triumphs for anti-reformers. Public resistance to employing national resources to reduce inequality encouraged a de-racialization strategy amongst many African American candidates for elected office who opt to de-emphasise issues of racial inequality in campaigns and in office. Whatever the means, the effect is uniform: the slowing down or outright death of federal civil rights activism.

THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SEGREGATED RACE RELATIONS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN THE DECADES AFTER THE ELECTION OF WOODROW WILSON IN 1912. IT IS ARGUES THAT THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN INTRODUCING AND MAINTAINING SEGREGATION IS AN OVERLOOKED FEATURE OF THE AMERICAN SATE WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CHARACTER AND FOR ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH BLACK AMERICAN,S SECTION II EXPLAINS THE JUDICIAL AND PARTISAN SUPPORT FOR SEGREGATION. SECTION III DEPLOYS ARCHIVAL RECORDS TO PROVIDE A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE DISSEMINATION OF SEGREGATION IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AFTER 1913. SECTION IV EXPLAINS WHY REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTS AND CONGRESSES IN THE 1920S FAILED TO ERODE SEGREGATION IN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, EMPHASIZING THE GROWTH OF RACISM AMONGST WHITE VOTERS IN NORTHEASTERN AND MIDWESTERN CITIES. SECTION V CONCLUDES THE STUDY BY IDENTIFYING SOME OF THE LEGACIES OF FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR SEGREGATED RACE RELATIONS.

Home ranges of feral goats studied by radio-telemetry in a pastoral area in Western Australia were
much larger than those found in most other studies. Home ranges of males were larger (ranging from
139.2 to 587.7km*2) than those of females, which ranged from 15.0 to 190.2km*2. Excursions outside
the normal (90 percentile) home ranges were common. The home ranges of females were smaller during
summer than during winter. Male home ranges were of similar size in both seasons. Group structure
and composition was highly variable. Implications of goat movements on management and control
programmes are discussed.

Explores the problems which could occur if error-prone Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) population figures were used in the new system. Argues that on balance it would be better to use local authorities own registered adult population (RAP) figures. (JLN)

The principal purpose of this paper is to contrast the present rate support grant system that applies to local authorities in England with the revenue support grant system that will apply from 1 April 1990. The paper begins by describing the two systems briefly and then seeks to show how much grant receipts per head might change if local authorities maintained their present spending levels after 1 April 1990. At collection-fund level, there would be gains exceeding £150 per head in some areas and losses exceeding £150 per head in others. In the paper the factors causing these changes are analysed. In general, areas gain if they have high multipliers, overspend, and have high rateable values. Finally, the point is made that the people in any area also stand to gain or to lose if they end up paying less or more in nondomestic rates. It seems likely that changes in these amounts will do much to offset the changes in grant receipts.

Examines the role of state interests and the constraints on state autonomy in recent central-metropolitan relations. Analyses the abolition by reference to liberal, Marxist and state interests. (Abstract amended)