Suchergebnisse

AbstractMothers and grandmothers of 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds rated their frequency of use of five disciplinary techniques – physical punishment, withdrawal of love, explanation, material reward, and praise, described how they would react in a variety of disciplinary situations, and rated how stringent they were in demanding appropriate behavior in the areas of obedience, honesty, helping, and control of aggression. Mothers were asked to respond with reference to their child, and grandmothers with reference to their daughter when she was between 3 and 5 years of age. There was a significant correlation between mothers and grandmothers in their use of physical punishment and material reward. Mothers of girls who were categorized as power assertive in their responses to disciplinary situations had mothers who were also power assertive. There was no relationship between mothers and grandmothers in the standards they set for behavior. It is argued that discipline techniques are generally learned in the privacy of the home while standards are more likely to evolve after a variety of life experiences and that it is this fact that accounts for the relationship between mothers and grandmothers in the former area and not the latter.

This study investigated self‐regulation and resiliency in one's search for reemployment. Although trait‐based approaches are central to many resiliency conceptualizations, recent research has found that self‐regulation (affective, behavioral, and cognitive) contributes to predicting resiliency‐related outcomes. We hypothesized that self‐regulation would incrementally predict reemployment process outcomes, specifically the job search outcomes of psychological well‐being, job search self‐efficacy, and job search clarity. Results indicated that, over and above resiliency traits, behavioral and cognitive self‐regulation incrementally predicted well‐being and job search clarity, and cognitive self‐regulation incrementally predicted job search self‐efficacy. Implications for theory and continued research on resiliency in reemployment are discussed.

AbstractThis research explores the relations between resiliency and its affective, behavioral, and cognitive protective factors and self‐regulatory processes and job search behaviors among recent immigrants. The study uses data from 201 first‐generation immigrants to test whether these self‐regulatory variables incrementally predict job search self‐efficacy, satisfaction, clarity, and intensity over and above the trait‐based protective factors. By going beyond traditional protective factors, we provide a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of immigrants' job search behaviors. Finally, this research provides an empirical foundation for the development of future training programs aimed at enhancing immigrant resiliency and improving job search outcomes.

AbstractTo review the longitudinal trajectories – and the factors influencing their development – of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.