Suchergebnisse

Through an analysis of the twenty-month long Gandhian Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) against untouchability at Vykom, Kerala, in the mid-1920s, this book explores new approaches to the understanding and practice of non-violence as a means of civil protest. Contesting the notion that the movement was directed at the 'conversion' of upper castes to accommodate the lower sections of the society, the author argues that it was modern India's first important social struggle whereby people took action to protest the caste system and the practice of untouchability. The role of Gandhi and the dilemmas that he faced are interlaced with analysis of the stages of the Satyagraha. The author also broadens the scope to analyse the impact of Vykom on the concept and workings of civil resistance on a global level. With an examination of archival sources, newspapers and oral narratives, this work reconstructs the history of colonial Travancore, and placing the Vykom Satyagraha in this context, traces the dynamics of civil resistance during this movement

This title chronicles the peaceful transitions from Soviet or authoritarian order that have occurred over the last thirty years in Europe and Eurasia including: Poland; Hungary; East Germany; Czechoslovakia; the Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; Serbia; Georgia; Ukraine. Country by country, the book describes the process of political change and integration from the late 1970s to the 2000s. Mary King has selected a variety of articles from 'The New York Times' to portray each country's transition, including the influence of popular movements and the methods used - boycotts, civil disobedience, demonstrations, picketing, strikes, vigils, economic reform models, and institutional change

Race and sex differentials in labor market outcomes in Brazil appear substantial, phenomena often tied to occupational segregation. This paper presents an array of Duncan indices of dissimilarity to investigate the magnitude and contours of occupational differentiation in Brazil, as well as changes in the recent past, constructed from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD) microdata for 1989 and 2001. Findings include the facts that measurable occupational differentation by sex is over twice as high as that by race and that differentiation on both counts is highest among people 35 and older and outside the Northeastern region. Occupational differentiation by race appears comparable among women and men, but may be higher among women if accurately measured. Racial differentiation grows with education, while sexual segregation declines. Differentiation has declined modestly since 1989 in almost all categories except by race among younger people, men and the most educated.